Fusarium mycotoxins from

Doll S, Valenta H, Danicke S and Flachowsky G (2002), Fusarium mycotoxins in conventionally and organically grown grain from Thuringia/Germany , Landbauforschung Volkenrode, 52, 91-96. 

SPR systems also showed encouraging results with their ability to detect mycotoxins. The BIACORE was used to detect a mycotoxin, DON, produced by Fusarium species, from spiked wheat sample in a competitive inhibition assay (Schnerr et ah, 2002). Biotinylated DON was immobilized on the sensor chip which was previously coated with strep-tavidin. Mycotoxin extracts from wheat samples were first allowed to react with the antibody and then injected into the BIACORE. The detection range was established to be 0.13-10 pg/ml. In a slightly modified format, DON was also detected by SPR at a range of 2.5-30 ng/ml (Tudos et ah, 2003). 

EW Sydenham, PG Thiel, WFO Marasas, GS Shephard, DJ Van Schalkwyk, KR Koch. Natural occurence of some fusarium mycotoxins in com from low and high esophageal cancer prevalence areas of Transkei, Southern Africa. J Agric Food Chem 38 1900-1903, 1990. 

Jimenez, M. and Mateo, R. 1997. Determination of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium isolates from banana fruits by capillary gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. 

The above steps in secondary metabolism have been known since the mid-1940 s. It has also been known for a long time that certain fungal secondary metabolites end up in crop residues (e.g. Fusarium mycotoxins) although it has been difficult to correlate data from stirred jar fermentors studies with that from crop studies e.g. corn ears. Recently, however. Hale and Eaton (19) demonstrated that the characteristic cavities of wood soft rot fungi (mostly molds) are explained by the fact that filamentous fungi do not grow in a continuous fashion in solid substrates. 

Compounds 8-11 belonged to the bisabolane family of sesquiterpenes. Bisabolane sesquiterpenes are not typical microbial metabolites. Most compounds of this skeletal class have been isolated from numerous terrestrial plants, a basidiomycete [101], sponges [102-103], octocoral [104, 105], and red algae [106], To our knowledge there have been two reports of bisabolanes from fungi. The first report in 1989 was of a mycotoxin from Fusarium sambucinum [107], More recently, mass spectral analysis of the volatile constituents of toxigenic Penicillium roqueforti strains yielded P-bisabolene [108]. 

Mycotoxin from cultures of different Fusarium species, e.g., F. sambucimm and F. oxysporum C28H39NO4, Mr 453.62, prisms, mp. 197 C, [a] -200 (CH3OH). S. inhibits electron transport (complex III) in isolated mitochondria and is structurally related to funiculosin. It shows antifungal activity. S. is of mixed biosynthetic origin (polyketide chain and aromatic amino acid), see tenellin. 

Baldwin NCP, Bycroft BW, Dewick PM, Marsh DC, Gilbert J (1987) Trichothecene Mycotoxins from Fusarium culmorum Cultures. Z NaturfOTsch C42 1043... 

Sanson DR, Corley DG, Barnes CL, Searles S, Schlemper EO, Tempesta MS, Rottinghaus GE (1989) New Mycotoxins from Fusarium sambucinum. J Org Chem 54 4313... 

Lansden JA, Cole RJ, Dorner JW, Cox RH, Cutler HG, Clark JD (1978) A New Triehothecene Mycotoxin from Fusarium tricinctum. J Agric Food Chem 26 246... 

Eller KI, Sobolev VS, Rozynov BV, Tutel yan BV (1985) 3 -Hydroxy-T-2 Toxin - A New Mycotoxin from Fusarium spomtrichiella. Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR 283 1481 Chem Abstr 103 210548... 

Yoshizawa T, Morooka N (1973) Deoxynivalenol and Its Monoacetate New Mycotoxins from Fusarium roseum and Moldy Barley. Agric Biol Chem 37 2933... 

Bezuidenhout SC, Gelderblran WCA, GOTst-AUman CP, Horak RM, Marasas WFO, Spiteller G, Vleggaar R (1988) Structure EluddatiOTt of the Fummiisins, Mycotoxins from Fusarium moniliforme. J Chem Soc Orem Common 743... 

Lancova, K., Hajslova, J., Poustka, J., Krplova, A., Zachariasova, M., Sachambula, L., et al. (2008). Transfer of Fusarium mycotoxins and masked deoxynivalenol (deoxynivale-nol-3-glucoside) from field barley through malt to beer. Food Additives and Contaminants, 25, 732-744. 

Unlike other biological agents, T2 is quite toxic when applied to unprotected skin. But like other biologically derived toxins, related substances have been investigated for possible medical uses, including the treatment of some cancerous tumors. A mycotoxin from Fusarium equiseti (diacetoxyscirpenol, or DAS) was considered for an anti-tumor drug formulation called Anguidine, but it was found to be far too toxic for therapeutic use. 

Poppenberger, B. et al. (2003) Detoxification of the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol by a UDP-glucosyltransferase from Arabidopsis thaliana. J. Biol. Chem. 278,47905 7914... 

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