References, recording

Prior to the eastern adventures of Linschoeten and Tradescant, the sailors of Columbus had discovered the natives of Central America playing with lumps of natural mbber. These were obtained, like gutta percha, by coagulation from a latex the first recorded reference to natural mbber was in Valdes La historia natural y general de las Indies, published in Seville (1535-1557). In 1731 la Condamine, leading an expedition on behalf of the French government to study the shape of the earth, sent back from the Amazon basin mbber-coated cloth prepared by native tribes and used in the manufacture of waterproof shoes and flexible bottles. 

The first recorded reference to the use of expert systems in pharmaceutical product formulation was in the London Financial Times in the spring of 1989 [3], closely followed by an article in the autumn of the same year [4], Both referred to the work then being undertaken by personnel at ICI Pharmaceuticals, UK (now AstraZeneca) to develop an expert system for formulating pharmaceuticals ab initio. Since that time several companies and academic institutions have reported their experiences. 

Raman spectroscopy allows chemical identification of single phases and in the imaging mode a description of the morphology. Raman bands characteristic of the two main components PA and PTFE are easily distinguishable, as shown in Figure 6, where pure materials have been used from which to record reference spectra. To identify PTFE in the spectra of the bearing the symmetric C-F... 

Paragraph 7 requires that person to notify the licensing authority of any such suspected serious adverse reaction and to make available for inspection at all reasonable times the records referred to in the previous paragraph. 

Another way of overcoming some of the problems of backlighting is to use the technique of reflection holography. In this process the recording reference beam is... 

Dates are given in Old Style, except the year is taken to begin on i January. References to the Annals include the page and date of the record. References to the casebooks include volume numbers and the name and date heading a consultation, omitting folio references unless the dated records are out of sequence. 

The quality record refers to the filled-in documents proving that the quality assurance and quality control actions have been done. 

The authenticity of electronic records refers to the degree of confidence that users can have that the records are the same as those expected, based on a prior reference or understanding of what they purport to be. 

Experimental conditions for recording reference spectra from authentic chemicals are similar to those used for test samples. By way of example, Figure 2 shows the library NMR spectra of sarin (GB) from the Spiez Laboratory and Figure 3 shows those of tabun (GA) from the Finnish Institute for... 

Analogously to HPLC, photodiode array or multiwavelength fast scanning detectors can be used to increase the quantity and quality of information. These detectors allow the analyst to evaluate the on-line UV(-visible) spectra of the separated zones, and, by comparison with recorded reference spectra, to investigate peak purity and peak indentity. 

Presentation of Results. Standard journal abbreviations, the form for recording references, the physical setup for search records, etc., must be fixed to give the search a uniform appearance and make it easy to deal with. Searchers must adhere to these standards to prevent extra work for others. It is a nuisance, for instance, to have a searcher turn in material on loose-leaf sheets when the rest of the search material is on paper of another size or on cards. 

In recording references during a search it is wise to make a complete record of each reference as it is noted for the first time, so as to avoid, in so far as possible, the necessity for going back again for additional data. In an extensive search such as the one discussed here, a 3 X 5 card, a 4 X 6 inch card, or hand-sorted punched cards are preferred for each reference. Complete bibliographical data are recorded, together with an abstract. The abstract should be aimed specifically at the purpose of the search, and need not be a complete abstract of the original article. 

About 35 years ago, a long-term average state of the Baltic Sea climate was extensively reviewed by Defant (1972). Fundamentals of the associated water balance were resumed by Jacobsen (1980). In the following paragraphs we report some typical seasonal cycles of wind, temperature, precipitation, and closely related quantities for the Baltic Sea area. In some cases we report computed results for a period of almost 60 years in comparison to the standard reference period 1961-1990 used by the German Weather Service (DWD). Most records refer to Warnemunde or Arkona (Riigen Island) some refer to locations in the Baltic Proper or to the entire Baltic Sea. 

The routine of recording references, writing abstracts, and making search indexes may be cumbersome or efficient. Looking up references may be haphazard or arranged to save energy. 

Electronic Record refers to any combination of text, graphics, data, audio, images, or other information represented in digital form that is created, modified, maintained, archived, retrieved, or distributed by a computer system. 

Persian emperor Darius makes the first recorded reference to sugar when he refers to the sugar cane growing on the hanks of the Indus River. 

Figure 10.15 shows an example of a skin surface admittance measuring circuit. It is a quasi-mono-polar system with three electrodes M is the measuring electrode, R a potential recording reference electrode, and CC is a current-carrying control electrode. 

The cahbration records referred to in para. 9.42(4) should provide a calibration history showing cahbration intervals, the date of the last cahbration, the date when the next cahbration is due, conformance or non-conformance with required tolerances before and after adjustments, and any limitations on use. It is often desirable to affix a sticker directly to the test equipment, giving the date of the last calibration and the planned date of the next cahbration. 

Reference Systems may be unique to a particular laboratory because antisera, extracts, etc. are prepared in t at laboratory by its own methods and from its own laboratory strains which that laboratory often uses as reference strains. An example of this are DNA or RNA extraction and testing procedures for homology studies. We present here a standardized format that facilitates design of coding data sets to record reference strain information. 

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