Storage of hydrogen

Storage media Pressure (bar) Temperature (K) Maximum capacity wt.% 

Storing hydrogen in a carbon structure is another form of chemical bonding. New forms of carbon structures are currently being researched and promise the best and safest approach as a reversible gas absorption technology. This research is the design and use of carbon nanostractures, either nanotubes or nanofibers. 

In the physisorption process a gas molecule interacts with several atoms at the surface of the solid. Once a monolayer of adsorbate molecules is formed the gaseous molecule interacts with a surface of the liquid or solid adsorbate. Therefore, the binding energy of the second layer of adsorbate molecules is similar to the latent heat of sublimation or vaporization of the adsorbate. 

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Whereas the safe storage of hydrogen has been practiced for many years, as of this writing almost all hydrogen is used near the production site. 

D. A. Rohy, J. F. Nachman, A. N. Hammer, and T. E. Automotive Storage of Hydrogen Using Modfed Magnesium Hydrides, final report, U.S. 

An acrylonitrile plant eliminated 500,000 pounds of in-process storage of hydrogen cyanide by accepting a shutdown of the entire unit when the product purification area shut down. This forced the plant staff to solve the problems which caused the purification area shutdowns. 

B. Bogdanovic, M. Felderhoff, S. Kaskel, A. Pommerin, K. Schlichte, F. Schiith, Reversible Storage of Hydrogen using Doped Alkali Metal Aluminum Hydrides, 2001, WO 03/053848 Al. 

A hydrogen fuel cell is environmentally friendly, but H2 is much more difficult to store than liquid fuels. The production, distribution, and storage of hydrogen present major difficulties, so researchers are working on fuel cells that use liquid hydrocarbon fuels. One such fuel cell is composed of layers of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), which is solid Zr02 containing around 5% Y2 O3. This cell uses the combustion of a... 

Aceves, S.M., Berry, G.D., Martinez-Frias, J., and Espinosa-Loza, F. Vehicular storage of hydrogen in insulated pressure vessels. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 31, 2274-2283, 2006. 

Hydrogen absorption/desorption characteristics of magnesium-nickel alloy containing 23 atomic% Ni. (Reproduced with permission from Schwarz, R.B., Storage of hydrogen in powders with nanosized crystalline domains, Mater. Res. Bull., 24, 40, 1999, available at http //www.wtec.org/loyola/nano/US.Review/04 06.htm, May 2007.)... 

Schulz, R., J. Strom-Olsen, L. Zaluski, and A. Zaluska, Nanocrystalline Mg or Be-based materials and use thereof for the transportation and storage of hydrogen, United States Patent 5,964,965, October 12, 1999. 

This chapter describes the storage of hydrogen in several forms of carbon, ranging from amorphous activated carbon (AC) to the ordered forms such as graphite and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Carbon materials can be utilized for hydrogen storage in the following different ways ... 

Benard, P, R. Chahine, Storage of hydrogen by physisorption on carbon and nanostructured materials. Scr. Mater. 56,803-808,2007. 

Hodoshima, S., and Y. Saito, Characteristics of decalin dehydrogenation catalysis in the superheated liquid-film state for mobile storage of hydrogen. /. Chem. Eng. Jpn., 37(3), 391-398 (2004). 

Carbon storage, of hydrogen, 23 786 Carbon sulfides, 23 621, incompletely characterized, 23 62 Carbon sulfotelluride, 24 419 Carbon-sulfur surface compounds, 23 621 Carbon tetrabromide, 4 348 Carbon tetrachloride, 6 249 acrylamide solubility in, 2 290t... 

While we may be close to cost-effective fuel cell prototypes, there must be the infrastructure to support them. Another problem that we are getting closer to is fuel storage and the high-density storage of hydrogen gas. 

Toyota and Honda have been experimenting with both methanol and metal-hydride storage of hydrogen. Honda has built several test cars, in 1999 a Honda FCX-V1 (metal-hydride hydrogen) and FCX-V2 (methanol) were tested at a track in Japan. The Ballard powered version-1 was ready, but proved to be a little sluggish and noisy. The other car suffered from a noisy fuel cell. Both Honda fuel cell test cars were built on the chassis of the discontinued EV Plus battery electric. Honda used a different and more aerodynamic body. 

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