Steel plate—reinforced concrete

The construction period will be shortened by the use of a steel containment vessel, a steel plate-reinforced concrete (SC) structure in building structures and by the implementation of a large block construction and modular construction approaches, in addition to the lower stories of the R/B. 

Steel plate-reinforced concrete containment vessel... 

Figure 11.12 Steel plate—reinforced concrete containment structure.

Katoh, A., et al., 2011. Experimental investigations of steel plate reinforced concrete bearing wall for fast reactor containment vessel. In Proceedings of 19th International Conf. Nuclear Engineering (ICONE19), Osaka, Japan, October 24—25, 2011. 

The second part of this book is devoted to current and potential applications of adhesive materials in construction. Chapter 6 deals with both the repair and the strengthening of concrete structures, covering applications ranging from non-structural patch repairs and resin overlays to externally bonded steel plate reinforcement. The theme of repair and strengthening is extended to applications involving steel, timber and masonry structures. A number of case histories are reviewed and discussed with reference to the successes and failures, and the results of allied research work are presented. In Chapter 7 a number of applications of adhesives in new construction are described, and specific examples are given. The final chapter. Chapter 8, examines the potential for future developments in adhesive usage. 

In the practice of adhesive bonding for applications in construction, surface pretreatment is likely to be the most difficult process to control. The choice of treatments must be tempered by the scale of operations, the nature of the adherends, the required durability, the adhesive to be used, and the cost. The performance of joints constructed with cold-cure epoxies is likely to be critically dependent upon surface preparation, as exemplified by the experience of the Scottish Irvine Development Corporation. In 1978 they elected to use vertical externally-bonded steel plate reinforcement to strengthen the abutment walls of three pedestrian underpasses. A year later, the plates were reported to be falling off, accompanied by extensive interfacial corrosion the steel surfaces had been abraded by hand, and the concrete surfaces chemically etched. 

The purpose of the above is to specify requirements for a cold-cure adhesive to permit either the repair or strengthening of existing concrete structures by bonding on additional external steel plate reinforcement, or the construction of steel/concrete composite units in which wet concrete is poured on to steel freshly coated with a layer of adhesive. In both cases the adhesive serves to resist the interfacial shear stresses necessary to ensure structural composite action between the steel and concrete. For these purposes a cold-cure adhesive is defined as one which is capable of curing to the required strength between the temperatures of 10 °C and 30 °C. 

The saddles must be designed to withstand the load imposed by the weight of the vessel and contents. They are constructed of bricks or concrete, or are fabricated from steel plate. The contact angle should not be less than 120°, and will not normally be greater than 150°. Wear plates are often welded to the shell wall to reinforce the wall over the area of contact with the saddle. 

Penetration in Steel Armor Plate and Reinforced Concrete, inches... 

The apparatus utihzed in the Van der Made system is a column of suitably protected steel in small installations, reinforced concrete in large ones. The column is divided into sections of horizontal perforated celluloid plates with 0.7-mm. holes. Both the water and air enter at the bottom and pass upward through several of these plates. This method provides good mixing and allows utilization of low concentrations of ozone. Another novel characteristic of this process is the recovery of excess ozone at the top of the column and its recycle through drier, ozonator, and piston-type compressor. By use of a variable speed compressor, the quantity of ozone injected can be varied in accordance with the quality of the water. 

FIGURE 2.12 Test unit for determination of coefficient linear expansion of RubCon (1) temperature chamber, (2) RubCon sample, (3, 4) steel plates, (5) pile, (6) indicator, (7) leg of indicator, (8) thermometer. (Reprinted from Yu. Potapov, O. Figovsky, Yu. Borisov, S. Pinaev, and D. Beilin, Joint Work of Reinforcement and Polymer Concrete Matrix, J. Scientific Israel Technological Advantages 4, nos. 3-4 (2002) 14-19. With permission.)... 

If concrete removal is not required or supplementary reinforcing bars cannot be used, external reinforcement can be applied. For instance, steel bars may be encased in a shotcrete layer or steel plates may be bonded onto the concrete surface. Recently, the use of steel plates has been substituted by fibre-reinforced plastics (F. R.P.), that are composite materials with glass, aramide or carbon fibres embedded in a polymeric matrix (usually an epoxy system). F. R.P. are available in the form of laminates or sheets that are bonded to the concrete surface using an epoxy adhesive [11]. They are typically used to improve the flexural and shear strength or to provide confinement to concrete subjected to compression. The... 

Corrosion of Cement-Based Pipes Nearly 17% of US transmission water lines are built from concrete and asbestos concrete materials. Internal steel reinforcement wires and bars (rebar) steel mesh and steel plates are used to provide tensile... 

Important areas of use of epoxy resin powders include the interior and exterior coating of pipes, fittings, fixtures, filter plates, and steel bars for reinforced concrete, as well as the electrical insulation and the encapsulation of electronic components. 

Another example given by Meier et al [21] was related to the reinforcement of the City Hall of Gossau. Here a hole had to be cut in a concrete slab to accommodate an elevator. It was reported that the edges of the hole were strengthened with carbon fibre reinforced plastics sheets instead of thick steel plates. This helps retain the aesthetics of the building and after painting, the presence of carbon fibre reinforced plastic sheets was completely disguised. 

Externally bonded FRP plates, sheets and wraps for the strengthening of reinforced concrete, steel, aluminium and timber structural members... 

Grip layer. A layer of coarse aggregate may be bonded to the steel to form a rough layer onto which fresh concrete is subsequently poured. This technique has been the subject of some research involving slab panels, tensile reinforcement being provided in the form of a thin soffit steel plate. However, premature adhesive failures have been reported and an improved bonding technique is considered to be necessary(9). 

---