Brass-coated steel

Adhesive Studies. The DHA-4VP copolymers had excellent properties as adhesion promoters for rubber-steel (brass-coated) composites (Table VII). The adhesion values of 44.8-47.6 lbs approach the limit of the test, i.e. rubber failure may occur at 45-50 lbs. The adhesion values listed in Table VII are the optima obtained in numerous tests in which pH, type of RF latex resin, curing temperatures, etc. were varied. Adhesion values ranged from the lower forties to the upper thirties, and coverages were in the 3+ range. 

Nickel-based aUoys have superior corrosion resistance to Hon-based aUoys. The only aUoys recommended for hot hydrochloric acid use are Ni—Mo aUoys containing 60—70% Ni and 25—33% Mo. Chlorimet (63 Ni, 32 Mo, 3 Fe) and HasteUoy (60 Ni, 28 Mo, 6 Fe) are found to be stable at aU acid concentrations in the absence of aH and Hon chlorides. Electroless nickel, a Ni—P aUoy containing 2—10% P, shows exceUent resistance to hot hydrogen chloride (71). The corrosion resistance increases with phosphoms content. This coating can be deposited on cast Hon, wrought Hon, mild steel, stainless steels, brass, bron2e, and aluminum (qv). 

Tire Cord. Melamine resins are also used to improve the adhesion of mbber to reinforcing cord in tires. Textile cord is normally coated with a latex dip solution composed of a vinylpyridine—styrene—butadiene latex mbber containing resorcinol—formaldehyde resin.. The dip coat is cured prior to use. The dip coat improves the adhesion of the textile cord to mbber. Further improvement in adhesion is provided by adding resorcinol and hexa(methoxymethyl) melamine [3089-11 -0] (HMMM) to the mbber compound which is in contact with the textile cord. The HMMM resin and resorcinol cross-link during mbber vulcanization and cure to form an interpenetrating polymer within the mbber matrix which strengthens or reinforces the mbber and increases adhesion to the textile cord. Brass-coated steel cord is also widely used in tires for reinforcement. Steel belts and bead wire are common apphcations. Again, HMMM resins and resorcinol [108-46-3] are used in the mbber compound which is in contact with the steel cord to reinforce the mbber and increase the adhesion of the mbber to the steel cord. This use of melamine resins is described in the patent Hterature (49). 

Insoluble Sulfur. In natural mbber compounds, insoluble sulfur is used for adhesion to brass-coated wire, a necessary component in steel-belted radial tires. The adhesion of mbber to the brass-plated steel cord during vulcanization improves with high sulfur levels ( 3.5%). Ordinary rhombic sulfur blooms at this dose level. Crystals of sulfur on the surface to be bonded destroy building tack and lead to premature failure of the tire. Rubber mixtures containing insoluble sulfur must be kept cool (<100°C) or the amorphous polymeric form converts to rhombic crystals. 

Striking of a smear or thin coating of alloy on rusty steel with a hammer. The glancing impact of stainless steel, mild steel, brass, copper-heryllium hronze, aluminium copper and zinc onto aluminium smears on rusty steel can initiate a thermite reaction of sufficient thermal energy to ignite flammahle gas/vapour-air atmosphere or dust clouds. 

The cuprocyanide plating bath is invaluable in numerous similar cases where a base substrate cannot be plated directly with the chosen coating. Steels, brass, bronze, beryllium copper and other substrates are copper... 

Braiding hoses with wires to resist high burst pressures or for external protection is common, using a braiding machine. The wires used, usually of steel, will be either zinc- or brass-coated to achieve adhesion during vulcanisation. The gauge of the wire and its tensile properties will be matched to the expected service demands for the hose. 

The wire beads used are produced from a combination of multi-strand copper, zinc or brass coated high-tensile steel wires. The required number of wires are formed into the required shape and then passed through a cross-head extruder to be coated with rubber compound. The coated wire layers are then formed into a coiled ring and the free wire ends secured together. For certain heavy duty applications use is made of either a light weight rubberised fabric or a small fibre filled rubber sheet to cover the joint area. In some cases the bead construction is also partially vulcanised. 

Bullet jacket materials include gilding metal cupronickel cupronickel-coated steel nickel zinc-, chromium-, or copper-coated steel lacquered steel brass nickel- or chromium-plated brass copper bronze aluminum/alumi-num alloy Nylon (Nyclad), Teflon- and cadmium-coated steel (rare). Black Talon bullets have a black molybdenum disulfide coating over the metal bullet jacket which acts as a dry lubricant. Steel jackets are frequently coated both inside and outside as an anticorrosion measure. Gilding metal is by far the most common bullet jacket material. Tin is claimed to have lubricating properties and is sometimes incorporated in bullet jacket material. The alloy is known as Lubaloy or Nobaloy and contains 90% copper, 8% zinc, and 2% tin. 

Often the OEM coatings depend on the nature and condition of the substrate to which paint is applied application methods and conditions drying time required and decorative and protective requirements. The substrate most commonly coated with industrial coatings are iron and steel, but also include other metals such as aluminum and its alloys, zinc-coated steel, brass, bronze, copper, and lead. Nonmetalhc substrates include timber and timber products, concrete, cement, glass, ceramics, fabric, paper, leather, and a wide range of different plastic materials. Consequently, industrial coatings are usually formulated for use on either a specific substrate or a group of substrates. 

In frictional brass-coated steels quantification of continuously varying concentrations of Cu, Fe and Zn can be performed based on a linear combination of the RSFs and/or sputter rates for both Fe and brass [652], Technical layers in a Cr-Ni system with a thickness of 30 nm to 10 pm can be characterized with respect to composition and thickness with GD-MS using a penetration rate of up to 0.1 pm/s and a depth resolution of 10 nm [613]. 

Behn U., Gerbig F. A. and Albrecht H. (1994) Depth profiling of frictional brass coated steel samples by glow discharge mass spectrometry, Fresenius J Anal Chem 349 209-210. 

Wire coats good adhesion to brass coated steel wire and to adjoining rubber compounds, tear, fatigue, and age resistance... 

The bead is constructed from a number of turns or coils of high tensile steel wire coated with copper and brass to ensure good adhesion of the rubber coating applied on it. The beads function as rigid, practically inextensible units that retain the inflated tire on the RIM. 

Recently, van Ooij et al. have reviewed adhesion of steel tire cord to rubber (van Ooij et al., 2009). The authors reviewed the literature extensively and provided an updated model for adhesion to brass-plated tire cord, which incorporated observations made by many techniques. They discussed the effects of different compounding ingredients and the possible alternatives to the current brass coatings. They note that the use of cobalt compounds improves the adhesion between rubber and brass-coated cords, but new adhesion promoters have been developed as replacements for Co, or for combined use with Co. They also discussed the use of phenolic-resin adhesion promoters. They describe the various techniques that have been developed to study the rubber-brass interface and its aging mechanism. 

Alpha brass coating is used on steel to improve the adhesion of rubber to the steel. It reacts both with sulfur, producing zinc sulfide, and with the rubber. Organic cobalt compounds catalyze the reaction and necessitate high sulfur dosing. Resor-cin-formaldehyde-silica systems are an alternative. The brass layer is not needed if isocyanates are used as the adhesion promoter, although solvents are then required. Aqueous dispersions of chlorinated or sulfochlorinated polyethylenes cross-linked with polynitroso compounds offer an alternative [32]. 

Chem. Descrip. Trifunctional acid ester with 161 ppm MEHQ inhibitor Uses Adhesion promoter in glass and metal coatings incl. tin-free steel, tinned steel, zinc phosphated steel, galvanized steel, electrophoretically coated steel, brass, aluminum, ironed aluminum used in beverage cans, laminating adhesives for metalized films Features Offers weatherability, chem. resist., flexibility, hardness, abrasion and water resist. 

The adhesive layer between the rubber and cord is generally considered to be formed by the interaction between the copper and the vulcanization system. As a result of this, optimization of the vulcanization system with respect to adhesion is critical. Also, a change in the composition of the brass coating on the steel wires, or a change in the thickness, can require a change in the vulcanization system in order to maintain the optimum level of adhesion. 

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