Nickel-coated steel

A similar system, containing the same active materials, is the so-called alkaline battery. This type of battery differs from the Leclanche cell in that the electrolyte is concentrated KOH, the zinc is in the form of a high-surface-area paste and the casing is made of nickel-coated steel. It has a much higher power density, because of the higher conductivity of the electrolyte and the larger surface area of... 

Conventional potassium hydroxide electrolytic cells are made from carbon steel. Areas with high corrosion potential are frequently clad with nickel, plastic, or ceramic material. The cathode is constructed of steel coated with a catalyst. The anodes and cathodes of bipolar cells are usually made from nickel or nickel-coated steel. Diaphragms were originally made from asbestos reinforced with nickel nets. Because of the health hazards associated with the use of asbestos, ceramics and polymers are being considered as substitute materials. 

Ionics, Inc., electrodialysis cell, two-three compartment cells, approx. 2 sq ft cathode area. 2 Nickel coated steel cathodes — one common center TiSOx coated A1 alloy anode. Membranes 2 — Ionics CR-6170 (cathode side) 2 — Ionics CR-61-CZL-183 (anode side) Cell construction material CPVC. 

The electrodeposition of PANI films onto nickel was carried out potentiodynamically, resulting in films with improved stability and adhesion compared to the ones prepared under potentiostatic control [185]. In another study, PPy and PANI films were electrodeposited onto nickel-coated steel panels fi-om... 

The hydrolysis reaction is preferably carried out under alkaline conditions. Acid hydrolysis can lead to undesired side reactions and also incomplete reaction. Hydrolysis by water under pressure is also incomplete, especially in the case of aromatic polyurethanes. Alkaline hydrolysis in glass containers can give large amounts of silicate which interfere with subsequent analysis, and for this reason the use of steel or even nickel-coated steel containers is recommended. The hydrolysis of polyester urethanes yields the diamine from the diisocyanate, and the acid salt and glycols from the polyester. Hydrolysis of polyether urethanes yields the diamine and the polyether. If diamines are used as curatives then two diamines will be present in the hydrolysis products. 

The pasted-type electrode is developed in order to design a small and lightweight nickel-cadmium secondary battery. Main production methods of the pasted-type electrode include a method of applying to a nickel-coated steel sheet with perforations and a method of filling up a sponge-like nickel substrate. 

The cell case is formed out of a rectangular tube continuously welded and formed from a nickel-coated steel strip and a laser-welded bottom cap. The cell case forms the negative pole. 

Additives and formulations that can overcome the above-mentioned problems have been reported (106). In one formulation, the electrodes may include 50-99% carbonyl iron, approximately 5-50% of potassium carbonate or a similar soluble additive that creates pores when dissolved, and approximately 5-30% of a pol5meric binder such as a poly(ethylene) binder. Alternatively, a portion of the carbonyl iron, such as approximately 5%, may be substituted with bismuth sulfide. The powder mixture may be spread on a metallic grid, such as a degreased nickel grid or a nickel coated steel... 

Joints tend to weaken more rapidly if they are stressed during exposure. Davies and Fay (1993) reported the time to failure for joints, both stressed and unstressed, with mild steel and zinc-coated steel adherends. Results for zinc-nickel coated steels are shown in O Fig- 31.8 showing that all unstressed joints survived for 2.5 years and that survival of the others decreases with increasing stress. 

Average failure times of the zinc-nickel coated steel joints... 

The plate edges are supported by strips of nickel-coated steel and then pressed together. This method gives a good electrical contact and conductivity to the plate terminals. Plates of the same polarity are welded together to the connector, thus forming a plate group. 

The terminal bolts are made of nickel-coated steel, giving corrosion resistance, and these are welded to a... 

Until a few years ago, cell containers and cell lids were made of nickel-coated steel. Today, more and more, they are made of corrosion-proof plastic, which is highly stable against shock and requires less internal... 

Sa.lt Spray Tests. One of the older accelerated corrosion tests is the salt spray test (40). Several modifications of this imperfect test have been proposed, some of which are even specified for particular appHcations. The neutral salt spray test persists, however, especially for coatings that are anodic to the substrate and for coatings that are dissolved or attacked by neutral salt fog. For cathodic coatings, such as nickel on steel, the test becomes a porosity test, because nickel is not attacked by neutral salt fog. Production specifications that call for 1000 hours salt spray resistance are not practical for quahty acceptance tests. In these cases, the neutral salt spray does not qualify as an accelerated test, and faster results from different test methods should be sought. 

Resistance to abrasion The resistance to abrasion of electroless nickel-phosphorus hardened to 600 Hy, assessed by Taber abrasion tests, has been found to be double that of electroplated nickel However, electroless nickel coatings are not suitable for applications where two electroless nickel surfaces rub together without lubrication unless the values of hardness are made to differ by over 200 Hy units. Galling of aluminium, titanium or stainless steel may be overcome by applying electroless nickel to one of the two mating surfaces. 

Steel basis material means cold rolled steel, hot rolled steel, and chrome, nickel and tin coated steels that are processed in coil coating. 

Samples. CDC-treated nickel-plated steel sheets (nickel coating weight of 600 mg/m and chromium coating weight of 6 mg/m ) were oiled with about 5 mg/m of dioctyl sebacate (DOS) or acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) and were employed as original samples. 

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