Steam inlet line

This device makes it possible to sterilize the piston rod independently of the sterilization of the freeze-drying plant. The part of the piston rod that enters the chamber during the stoppering process is placed in a sterilization container, the so-called dome. This dome is equipped with a steam inlet line, condensate drain, temperature measuring point, pressure transmitter, etc. Sterilization takes place automatically in one of two possible cycles ... 

The flow of steam to a reboiler can be controlled by using a control valve on either (1) the steam inlet line or (2) the condensate outlet line. 

Figure 8.4 shows a control valve on the steam inlet line. The rate of steam flow to the reboiler is not really controlled directly, however, by this control valve. The actual rate of steam flow to the reboiler is controlled by the rate of condensation of the steam inside the tubes. The faster the steam condenses, the faster it flows into the channel head. The function of the control valve is to reduce the steam pressure in the channel head of the reboiler. For example, in case 1 ... 

The process control scheme suggested for the steam superheater is shown in Figure 10.2. This flowscheme features a control valve on the saturated-steam inlet line. A temperature controller taking its signal from the steam outlet line ensures the flow is regulated to maintain the superheater temperature of 380°C. Steam pressure is... 

Exhibit 7-44 illustrates the convection section steam coil piping along with some miscellaneous structural details. The steam inlet line can be run horizontally to the inlet nozzles because the elevation is above head-room. The superheated steam outlet piping can be routed below the platform so that it will not pose a... 

An important design detail is that the inlet line should be sloped at least 30" from the horizontal and the diameters of the vertical and sloped legs of the Y-seal are sized such that a 3 m slug of water is pressured back up the sloping inlet line, without spilling over into the header, in the event of flashback. Note that this requires an enlarged diameter section in the vertical leg of the Y-seal. The seal is maintained by a continuous flow of water at 1.26 dm /s and the water makeup is provided with steam injection, if required for winterizing or cold releases. 

The tank was used for storing a liquid product that melts at 97°C. It was therefore heated by a steam coil using steam at a gauge pressure of 100 psi (7 bar). At the time of the incident, the tank was almost empty and was being prepared to receive some product. The inlet line was being blown with compressed air to prove that it was clear—the normal procedure before filling the... 

The steam rate to a turbine for variable output is controlled by a throttle valve in the inlet line. Steam is supplied to the throttle valve at 240(psia) and 440(°F). During a test run, the pressure at the turbine inlet is 160(psia), the exhaust steam at l(psia) has a quality of 0.95, the steam flow rate is l(lb )(s), and the power output of the turbine is 240(hp). 

To add another steam line to the suiTace condenser, one can either make a tie-in to the existing steam inlet or create a new entry point. For a new point, a suitable impingement plate is needed. Even if lengthy piping is needed, the arrangement is still economical, offering a short payback. 

In the assembly shown in Fig. 3 steam is passed into a 250-mL, round-bottomed flask through a section of 6-mm glass tubing fitted into a stillhead with a piece of 5-mm rubber tubing connected to a trap, which in turn is connected to the steam line. The trap serves two purposes it allows water, which is in the steam line, to be removed before it reaches the round-bottomed flask, and adjustment of the clamp on the hose at the bottom of the trap allows precise control of the steam flow. The stopper in the trap should be wired on, as shown, as a precaution. A bent adapter attached to a long condenser delivers the condensate into a 250-mL Erlenmeyer flask. Measure 50 mL of a 0.2% solution of anthracene in toluene into the 250-mL round-bottomed flask and add 100 mL of water. For an initial distillation to determine the boiling point and composition of the toluene-water azeotrope, fit the stillhead with a thermometer instead of the steam-inlet tube (see Fig. 5 in Chapter 5). Heat the mixture with a hot plate and sand bath or... 

In the steam-distillation assembly (Note 1) one of the small necks of the flask is fitted with a steam-inlet tube, connected through a water trap to a steam line the other small neck is closed by a cork. The central neck is fitted to a Kjeldahl trap leading to a 50-cm. Allihn condenser set downward and connected in series to a 50-cm. Liebig condenser. The second condenser leads to a SOO-ml. three-necked flask used as the receiver. The receiving flask is immersed in an ice bath and fitted with an Allihn reflux condenser. 

Failure of steam controller. A common practice with steam reboilers (293) is to assume the steam valve is wide open, the steam pressure in the reboiler is the same as in the steam supply line, and that reboiler area remains constant (condensate is removed as soon as it is formed). The process side is usually assumed to have the same temperature rise (outlet minus inlet) as in usual operation. 

When a steam purge is applied at the base of the column relief valve (to prevent the valve and its inlet line from plugging), the relief valve should be located so that any condensed water drains into sections of the system that can tolerate it (e.g., the reflux drum). In one case (239), this condensed steam dripped back into the column during short outages, repeatedly causing pressure surges upon restart. 

Typical examples are steam reboilers and refrigeration vapor reboilers. The control valve may be located either in the reboiler inlet line (Fig. 17.1c) or in the reboiler condensate outlet line (Fig. 17.16). 

Figure 20 Principle of a venting filter for in situ integrity tests. The integrity tests are carried out following the water intrusion method 1, primary filter with an 0.22 pm cartridge 2, secondary filter with an 0.22 pm cartridge installed as a backup filter, sterilized independently of the filter 1 3, test liquid reservoir (WFI) with heater 4, inlet valve for test liquid (WFI) 5, pure steam inlet 6, filtered air (5 bar absolute) 7, venting gas (1060 mbar) 8, drain line with valves 9, to water ring pump (WRP) 10, to condenser 11, to chamber 12, sanitary valves 13, temperature sensors.

Thermowells for temperature measurement at gas and steam side inlet/outlet. Steam inlet/outlet/bypass lines and valves. 

On one coker, the combination tower trays were repeatedly upset due to water accumulating in the tower during short unit outages. After considerable investigation, the source of this water was found. Purge steam was being used under vessel relief valves to prevent the relief valve inlet lines from coking up. While the unit was out of service for several hours, it would cool off. The steam condensed and formed potentially explosive pockets of water. 

Two processes are commercially established for heavy oil gasification, the Shell and the Texaco process (Figures 6.2.27 and 6.2.28) but the main steps of both processes are practically identical [see Supp (1978, 1997) for details). Besides partial oxidation of natural gas and residue oil, this process has been developed further for coal slurries (Table 6.2.6). Oxygen, pre-heated heavy oil, and steam are fed to the refractory-lined reactor where the oil is sprayed into the reactor. The reaction starts in a water-cooled burner, which also houses the atomizing gun and the oxygen and steam inlets. 

Weeping safety valves not only cause undesirable watermarks and steam losses but may indicate valve malfunction. A check for excessive amounts of system makeup water should be made by means of a water meter on the inlet line. 

In the conveaion section, three stationary soot blowers are fed by 1.5-in leads from the fire steam header located below them. This piping is kept close to the convection section wall to maximize the available work area for plant personnel. The four 3-in product inlet lines have manual control valves and local flow indicators that must be visible when personnel are operating the valves. They are located at the... 

The primary deposit will be iron sulfide, and some coke may be found above the stripping steam inlet. The drums may have an accumulation of sludge, if the bottom connections extend into them. Overhead drums are susceptible to corrosion as a result of the water/H2S mixture, so if possible check this vessel before cleaning to determine if FeS is present. Copious amounts of ammonia were also found in the linings of these drums, so care should be taken when water flushing, and so on. 

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