State Testing Laboratory

The employment patterns correspond to certain general developments within society. The first telegraph line, between Copenhagen and Hamburg, was established in 1851-54. The first private analytical laboratory was founded in 1857, the Factory Inspectorate in 1873, and the State Testing Laboratory in 1896. 

Requirements stated in the System of accreditation to the competence of calibration and testing laboratories are formulated in CTB 941.3-93. 

Local and state forensic laboratories generally do not engage ia excipient testing. Most provide quaUtative and quantitative analysis of the evidence to determine if an Ulegal substance is present and if so, the amount of the dmg present. The quantity of dmg seized by the authorities may be important ia jurisdictions which give enhanced sentences for larger amounts of the pure dmg, or ia some cases the total weight on the dmg and diluent ia possession of the defendant. 

Competent testing laboratories which can provide tests according to the ASTM D1469, ISTA, DOT, UN, and other protocols are located strategically throughout the United States and in most of the developed nations. The yellow pages of the telephone direc tory are useful to find such laboratories. 

In 1940 most of the shellac imported into the United States came in through the docks of Brooklyn. It was, therefore, appropriate that W. H. Gardner had selected the Polytechnic as the site to establish a national testing laboratory a few years before. Research at the laboratory, called the Shellac Bureau, centered on evaluating the properties of this important natural resin. On assuming his position in Brooklyn, Mark was assigned to the Shellac Bureau. 

Member States shall take all measures necessary to ensure that the laboratories referred to in Article 7 of Directive 89/397/EEC1 comply with the general criteria for the operation of testing laboratories laid down in European standard EN 450013 supplemented by Standard Operating Procedures and the random audit of their compliance by quality assurance personnel, in accordance with the OECD principles Nos. 2 and 7 of good laboratory practice as set out in Section II of Annex 2 of the Decision of the Council of the OECD of 12 Mar 1981 concerning the mutual acceptance of data in the assessment of chemicals.4... 

EU Member States shall verify the compliance with GLP of any testing laboratory within their territory claiming to use GLP in the conduct of tests on chemicals... 

Caucasian. In the United States, most testing clients are, like the majority of the population, Caucasian non-Jews. This is important for the testing laboratory to know because the Bayesian for carrying a common disease allele, such as that causing cystic fibrosis, differs from that of Ashkenazi Jews, Asians, or African Americans. In addition, Caucasian non-Jews of Northern European descent are more prone to different genetic diseases, such as hemochromatosis, than are individuals of other ethnicities. 

McGovern MM, Benach M, Wallenstein S, Boone J, Lubin IM (2003) Personnel standards and quality assurance practices of biochemical genetic testing laboratories in the United States. Arch Path Lab Med 127 71-76... 

The standard California tests6 for solubility in strong and weak acids were performed on samples of the unmixed wastes and waste/additive mixtures, both before and after thermal processing. Analytical testing was performed by a state-certified laboratory, and results were compared to California TTLC (strong acid) and... 

Commitment to use the same SOPs and test methods employed in the approved application written certification from the testing laboratory stating that it is in conformance to CGMPs and a full description of the testing to be performed by the testing laboratory CBE with full description and certification... 

The safe levels established for parathion + paraoxon, azinphosmethyl + azinphosmethyl oxon and methidathion + methi-dation oxon on foliage have absorbance values determined by the rapid field method (4 ) equal to those given in Table III. Absorbance values greater than those listed in Table III signal an unsafe working condition. Field testing can also be conducted by standard gas chromatographic analysis of the leaf disk samples by state-approved laboratories. 

The author wishes to thank Dr. Richard Lindauer of the United States Pharmacopeia, Rockville, Maryland for his helpful comments on the manuscript and for permission to use data obtained in the Drug Research and Testing Laboratory of USP. The help of Dr. James Shoolery of Varian Associates, Palo Alto, California and of Dr. Jim Kelley of the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland in the interpretation of the NMR and mass spectra, and the technical assistance of Mr. Anthony J. Manna and Mr. G. Scott Kobler are gratefully acknowledged. Credit for processing the manuscript belongs to Mrs. Patricia Perando and Mrs. Barbara Bowman. 

Drug Research and Testing Laboratory, The United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc., Rockville, Maryland. 

To provide Australian chemical testing laboratories and the national laboratory accreditation body, NATA, with information on the current state of the practice in each area of analysis... 

Test laboratories should maintain traceability of their test results in order to claim competence. Traceability of the results can only be demonstrated if all quantities entered into the calculation of the end result are traceable or verified. For measurement results traceability is achieved, as required by the ISO 17025 Standard [1], by calibration of the measuring equipment. If results of model calculations are entered into the calculation of the end result they must be verified as well. Here, verification replaces traceability because results of model calculation are, according to the definition of traceability [2], not traceable. Analogously to the definition of traceability, verification is the process of relating the results of a calculation with a stated reference. Correction factors and their uncertainties, which are extracted by comparing the results of model calculations with the stated reference, take into account the difference between the results and the reference, and establish the evidence for the accuracy of the calculations. 

The current good manufacturing practices (GMP) state that Laboratory records shall include complete data derived from all tests necessary to assure compliance with established specifications and standards [5]. This includes all electronic and hard copies of raw data, laboratory notebooks, and/or worksheets and reports. Additionally, the regulations require that records shall be readily available for authorized inspection [6]. Consequently, the organization must have a well-defined audit trail for the generation, storage, and retrieval of reports and raw data. It must also be shown that there is adequate document management and security of all raw data and reports in terms of both disaster recovery and prevention of falsification of results. 

Measurement results and standards are internationally accepted via their demonstrated comparability and known quality. The test results of a food testing laboratory that is accredited to the ISO/IEC 17025 Standard should be recognized in other countries where laboratory performance is also assessed in accordance with this Standard. This is an aspect of the ILAC MRA [31]. The ISO/IEC 17025 Standard requires traceability to internationally accepted stated references together with their stated measurement uncertainties [22]. 

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