Starch octenylsuccinates

Gum arabic, standard starch dextrins and laboratory prepared low viscosity starch octenylsuccinates were used for all encapsulation work. 

Emulsions of lemon oil stabilized with gum arabic, a conventional starch dextrin and a low viscosity starch octenylsuccinate were spray-dried and evaluated for encapsulating efficiencies. Oil retentions and surface oil determinations were made according to the Materials and Methods section. TABLE 3 demonstrates the superiority of the starch octenylsuccinate in flavor retention and surface oil to gum arabic and a starch dextrin (5) ... 

The data show that when spray-drying a 30% lemon oil level on the weight of the carrier, the starch octenylsuccinate only loses O.37o of the oil during the spray-drying process. Surface flavor oil was also lower for the starch octenylsuccinates which indicates excellent encapsulation efficiencies. 

In order to further demonstrate the superior encapsulation efficiencies of starch octenylsuccinates, comparison studies of surface oil versus oil level were made against gum arabic (2). The data is presented in TABLE 4 ... 

At lower oil usage levels (20% - 307o) gum arabic and starch octenylsuccinates performed equally. High oil levels (greater than 407o) showed marked differences in surface oil content of the powders, with the starch octenylsuccinates out performing gum arabic. Less flavor oil on the surface of the powder will help improve overall shelf-life stability. 

BROOKFIELD VISCOSITY OF GUM ARABIC vs. STARCH OCTENYLSUCCINATE AS A FUNCTION OF CONCENTRATION... 

Starch octenylsuccinates offer excellent emulsifying properties, flavor oil retention and good oxidation resistance versus gum arabic. They can be made on a variety of starch bases, dextrins or fluidities which provide versatility and improved spray-drying costs. Starch octenylsuccinate are low in cost, domestically produced and are not subject to the market fluctuations that gum arabic encounters. 

Aqua, ammonium lactate, aluminium starch octenylsuccinate, C12-15 alkyl benzoate, isopropyl palmitate, polymethyl... 

Starch octenylsuccinate 1450 E14S0 Phosphorus oxychloride <0.1% Octenylsuccinic anhydride <3% Octenylsuccinate groups <0.03%... 

Improved stability towards oxidation of spray dried flavor oils was achieved by using a combination of a high-maltose syrup, maltodextrin and a high molecular weight, film-forming polysaccharide, such as starch octenylsuccinate or gum ara-bic.200 201 Emulsification performance of maltodextrins is improved by treatment with octenylsuccinic anhydride and aluminum sulfate. 

Starch succinates [39316-70-6] are also used as thickening agents in foods. The 1-octenylsuccinate half-ester [52906-93-17, sold as its sodium salt [66829-29-6], has surface active (emulsifying) properties. 

Esterification Starch acetate - Esterification with acetic anhydride or vinyl acetate Acetylated distarch adipate - Esterification with acetic anhydride and adipic anhydride Starch sodium octenylsuccinate - Esterification by octenylsuccinic anhydride... 

An example of the improved emulsion stabilizing properties imparted by treatment of starch with octenylsuccinic acid anhydride can be seen in... 

The octenylsuccinic acid anhydride treated starches give on the average smaller oil droplet particle sizes and better emulsion storage stability than both gum arabic and a starch dextrin. 

Compared to native wheat starch, the sodium starch 1-octenylsuccinate derivative gives much higher peak and cold-paste viscosities, but with considerably reduced paste viscosity during the cooking cycle.27 This product also exhibits emulsifying properties. When the 1-octenylsuccinate derivative is complexed with aluminum ion, a modified wheat starch that flows freely when dry and resists wetting by water... 

Since starch is biodegradable, it has found use as filler in polymers, such as extruded films applied to paperboard for use in packaging.295,296 The starch is incorporated in granular form,297 as an octenylsuccinate derivative298 and in other forms. Starch-based blown films are prepared from starch-poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) formulations.299... 

Starches esterified with octenylsuccinic anhydride are also monosubstituted, but are primarily produced not for stabilization, but because they have hydrophobic... 

Starches have been chemically modified to improve their solution and gelling characteristics for food applications. Common modifications involve the cross linking of the starch chains, formation of esters and ethers, and partial depolymerization. Chemical modifications that have been approved in the United States for food use, involve esterification with acetic anhydride, succinic anhydride, mixed acid anhydrides of acetic and adipic acids, and 1-octenylsuccinic anhydride to give low degrees of substitution (d.s.), such as 0.09 [31]. Phosphate starch esters have been prepared by reaction with phosphorus oxychloride, sodium trimetaphosphate, and sodium tripolyphosphate the maximum phosphate d.s. permitted in the US is 0.002. Starch ethers, approved for food use, have been prepared by reaction with propylene oxide to give hydroxypropyl derivatives [31]. 

In the following years, nanostructural differences in the particle morphology and thus differing gas diffusivity was identified as the cause of a different oxidative stability of microencapsulated nutritional oils. When using a octenylsuccinate-derivatized starch with a high proportion of low molecular weight disaccharides, a significant inhibition of autoxidation compared to a carrier... 

Drusch S, Serfert Y, Schwarz K (2006) Microencapsulation of fish oil with n-octenylsuccinate-deriva-tised starch Flow properties and oxidative stability. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 108 501-512. 

Definition Starch esterified with octenylsuccinic anhydride... 

Succinic anhydride reacts directly with starch to form a half-ester called starch succinate. Starch can also react with alkyl or alkenyl derivatives of succinic anhydride to form the corresponding succinates, among which one of the most used is starch sodium octenylsuccinate. Due to the presence of hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups, this product has interfacial activity and emulsif5ung properties. Alkenylsuccinates are used in food, pharmaceutical and industrial applications [39]. 

Chemical Description Aluminum salt of the reaction product of octenylsuccinic anhydride with starch... 

Other preparations produced upon double modification of starch that found application in the food industry include among others acetylated distarch adipate (E1422), phosphorylated distarch phosphate (E1413), hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate (E1442), and starch sodium octenylsuccinate (E1450) [41]. 

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