Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B

Naimushin, A. N., Soelberg, S. D., Nguyen, D. K., Dunlap, L., Bartholomew, D., Elkind, J., Melendez, J., and Furlong, C. E. (2002). Detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B at femtomolar levels with a miniature integrated two-charmel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor. Biosens. Bioelectron. 17, 573-584. 

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Helling PW, Hens G, Meyts I, Bullens D, Vanoirbeek J, Gevaert P, Jorissen M, Ceuppens JL, Bachert C Aggravation of bronchial eosinophilia in mice by nasal and bronchial exposure to Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B. Clin Exp Allergy 2006 36 1063-1073. 

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Chatteijee S, Jett M Glycosphingolipids the putative receptor for Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin-B in human kidney proximal tubular cells. Mol Cell Biochem 1992 113 25-31. 

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Several biological threat agents were also detected employing ECL approach including purified Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B, botulinus A, cholera toxin, and ricin toxins [187]. Another study in the following years focused on Bacillus anthracis and E. coli 0157 H7 and used a male-specific coliphage virus to stimulate the detection of viral agents such as smallpox, Ebola, and yellow fever [186]. This work was later on extended to field samples to measure... 

Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B in serum, tissue, and urine, while anthrax to measure in saliva swabs [178] and soil samples [177]. 

Naimushin AN et al (2002) Detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B at femtomolar levels with a miniature integrated two-channel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor. Biosens Bioelectron 17(6-7) 573-584... 

Boyle, T, Lancaster, V., Hunt, R., Gemski, R, and Jett, M. 1994. Method for simultaneous isolation and quantitation of platelet activating factor and multiple arachidonate metabolites from small samples analysis of effects of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B in mice. Anal. Biochem. 216 373-382. 

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M. Aitichou, R. Henkens, A.M. Sultana, R.G. Ulrich and M.S. Ibrahim, Detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin A and B genes with PCR-EIA and a hand-held electrochemical sensor, Mol. Cell. Probes, 18 (2004) 373-377. 

Xue X, Wang J, Mei L, Wang Z, Qi K, Yang B. Recognition and enrichment specificity of Fe304 magnetic nanoparticles surface modified by chitosan and Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins A antiserum. CoUoids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2012 103 107-13. 

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Van Zele T, Gevaert P, Watelet J-B, Claeys G, Holtappels G, Claaeys C, van Cauwenberge P, Bachert C Staphylococcus aureus colonization and IgE antibody formation to enterotoxins is increased in nasal polyposis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004 114 981-983. 

A. Characteristics. Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) is one of several exotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus, causing food poisoning when ingested. A BW attack with aerosol delivery of SEB to the respiratory tract produces a distinct syndrome causing significant morbidity and potential mortality. 

Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) are the most widely studied of the toxic foodborne proteins. Although these toxins are produced by various strains of Staphylococcus, evidence has shown they are primarily produced by the Staphylococcus aureus strain. Currently there are nine enterotoxins (A, B, C, D, E, G, H, I, J) that have been identified in a wide variety of food products meat, poultry and egg products, milk and dairy products, as well as bakery products [35]. The infective dose of toxins is estimated to be 0.1 p-g/kg body mass [36]. Detection of the presence of SEs is typically done through isolation in the suspected food source [6]. 

Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is one of seven enterotoxins produced by strains of Staphylococcus aureus. SEB, the best understood of the staphylococcal enterotoxins, can be regarded as the type enterotoxin. Staphylococcal enterotoxins, toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), and certain other bacterial products (such as streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins [SPE]) and viral products (which are not discussed in this chapter) are commonly referred to as superantigens because of their profound effects on the immune system. Minute concentrations of superantigens can activate the immune system receptors because they bind with strong avidity to T-cell antigen receptors and class II molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). 

The staphylococcal enterotoxins are a family of superantigen protein toxins produced by strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), a toxin often associated with food poisoning, was weaponized as an incapacitating agent by the United States during in the 1960s. When inhaled as a respirable aerosol, SEB causes fever, severe respiratory distress, headache, and sometimes nausea and vomiting. The mechanism of intoxication is... 

Staphylococcal entero-toxin B Enterotoxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus, may be inhaled or ingested. Onset as eariy as 3-4 hours, duration 3-4 days. Fever, chills, myalgia, cough, dyspnea, headache, nausea, vomiting symptoms usual onset 8-12 hours after exposure. Treatment supportive. Victims are not contagious, do not need isolation. Vaccine and immunotherapy effective in animals. 

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