Enterotoxins production

Isigidi, B.K., Mathieu, A.M., Devriese, L.A., Godard, C. and Van Hoof, J., Enterotoxin production in different Staphylococcus aureus biotypes isolated from food and meat plants, J. Appl. Bacterial, 72, 16-20, 1992. 

Mullarky, I.K., Su, C., Frieze, N., Park, Y.H. and Sordillo, L.M., Staphylococcus aureus agr genotypes with enterotoxin production capabilities can resist neutrophil bactericidal activity, Infect. Immun., 68, 45-51, 2001. 

Onoue, Y. and Mori, M., Amino acid requirements for the growth and enterotoxin production by Staphylococcus aureus in chemically defined media, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 36, 77-82, 1997. 

Schmitt, M., Schuler-Schmid, U. and Schmidt-Lorenz, W., Temperature limits of growth, TNase and enterotoxin production of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from foods, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 11, 1-19, 1990. 

Surgalla MJ, Kadavy JL, Bergdoll MS, Drack GM Staphylococcal enterotoxin production methods. J Infect Dis 1951 81 97-111. 

No studies have been made on the transference of S. hyicus from pigs to humans, although this may be less likely because people s contact with pigs is not as intimate as it is with dogs. If studies reveal that S. hyicus and S. delphini can produce enterotoxin, it would indicate that any coagulase- or TNase-positive staphylococci should be checked for enterotoxin production. 

Table 3. Enterotoxin production by staphylococci from dogs ...

Sensitive Detection Methods. Detection of toxin production by use of the more sensitive detection methods such as reversed passive latex agglutination (RPLA) (Igarashi et al., 1986) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) indicated that some strains produced only 10 to 20 ng/ml, which was not detectable by the OSP method. This was confirmed when 100-fold concentrates of culture supernatant fluids from five strains that tested positive for SEA by ELISA were positive by the OSP method. Examination of 110 strains that were positive when administered to monkeys, but were negative for any of the identified enterotoxins by MOA-OSP, were examined for enterotoxin production by ELISA (Kokan and Bergdoll, 1987). Twenty-six strains were found to be positive with most of them producing enterotoxin D (SED) (Table 7). Some of the strains were isolated from food poisoning outbreaks. The amount of toxin produced appeared to be 10-15 ng/ml of culture supernatant fluid. 

The importance of this low production was investigated to determine what amount of enterotoxin production is significant in food poisoning. The production of 10 to 20 ng of enterotoxin/ml may be of significance because only 100 to 200 ng of SEA was shown to be necessary to produce food poisoning (Evenson, et al., 1987 Table 8) with the amount present... 

Valle, J., Gomez-Lucia, E., Priz, S., Goyache, J., Orden, J. A., and Vadillo, S. 1990. Enterotoxin production by staphylococci isolated from healthy goats. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56 1323-1326. 

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