Staphylococcus enterotoxin B

Category B agents There are eleven Category B agents as follows brucellosis, epsilon toxin (clostridium perfringens), glanders, melioidosis, psittacosis, Q fever, ricin toxin, staphylococcus enterotoxin B, typhus fever, viral encephalitis, and water safety threats. 

Rapid diagnostic SMART Tickets are currently available for identification of toxin agents Botulinum Toxin and Staphylococcus Enterotoxin B (SEB). 

Litton MJ, Sander B, Murphy E, O Garra A, Abrams JS Early expression of cytokines in lymph nodes after treatment in vivo with Staphylococcus enterotoxin B. J Immunol Methods 1994 175 47-58. 

Kawabe Y, Ochi A Selective anergy of V beta 8+, CD4+ T cells in Staphylococcus enterotoxin B-primed mice. JExp Med 1990 172 1065-1070. 

Nakata Y, Matsuda K, Uzawa A, Nomura M, Akashi M, Suzuki G Administration of recombinant human IL-1 by Staphylococcus enterotoxin B prevents tolerance induction in vivo. J Immunol... 

Fuller CL, Braciale VL Selective induction of CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocyte effector function by staphylococcus enterotoxin B. J Immunol 1998 161 5179-5186. 

Campbell, G.A., Medina, M. B., Mutharasan, 1C Detection of Staphylococcus enterotoxin B at picogram levels using piezoelectric-excited millimeter-sized cantilever sensors. Sensors and Actuators B Chemical 2007, 126 (2), 354-360... 

F. Vaccination. Vaccination is the preferred method of biological defense. Fully licensed vaccines are currently available for anthrax, cholera, plague and smallpox. Vaccines for botulinum toxoid, Q fever, Rift Valley fever, tularemia, and VEE currently exist as IND products and would be available only under protocol with informed consent, therefore would not be readily available on the battlefield. No vaccine is currently available either FDA licensed or under IND status, for glanders, brucellosis, Staphylococcus enterotoxin B, ricin, or T-2 mycotoxins. 

DeSilva M. S., Zhang Y, Hesketh P. J., Maclay G. J., Gendel S. M., and Stetter J. R., Impedance based sensing of the specific binding reaction between staphylococcus enterotoxin B and its antibody on an ultra-thin platinum film. Biosens. Bioelectron., 10, 675-682,1995. 

Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB) is produced by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. The USA weaponised SEB during the Cold War and conducted successful field trials using a dry spraying system, which was capable of contaminating a large area of ground. SEB causes a severe inflammatory response similar to that seen in toxic shock syndrome. Although rarely fatal, it could potentially incapacitate up to 80% of exposed individuals and may overwhelm local health care resources. 

Table 4.28 Symptoms and signs of staphylococcus enterotoxin B by route of ...

---