2 programmed cell death

The main types of cellular injury induced by chemical compounds are necrotic and apoptotic (programmed) cell death. Necrosis implies chaotic ending... 

Orrenius, S., McCabe, M. J., and Nicotera, P. (1992). Ca- -dependenr mechanisms of cytotoxicity and programmed cell death. Toxicol. Lett. 64/64, 357-364. 

HBV, hepatitis B HCV, hepatitis C IAP, inhibitor of apoptosis protein DBM, IAP binding motifs INCA, inhibitory CARD NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis PCD, programmed cell death PCI, pan-caspase inhibitor OA, osteoarthritis RA, rheumatoid arthritis Smac, second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases TRAIL, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. 

Apoptosis is known as programmed cell death and represents also a control mechanism within the cell that reacts to the changes in its environment. This active cellular death process is characterized by distinctive morphological changes... 

HiBASAMi H, ACHiwA Y, FUJIKAWA T and KOMIYA T (1996) Induction of programmed cell death (apoptosis) in human lymphoid leukemia cells by catechin compounds . Anticancer Res, 16, 1943-46. 

Numerous cellular changes occur in the genetic material of the cancer cell so that programmed cell death, or apoptosis, does not occur. Proliferation of cancer cells goes unregulated. 

Apoptosis Programmed cell death, a normal process in which cells perish in an orderly, highly controlled manner to control an organism s development. 

Raff This also works in the other direction. If one stimulates hepatocytes to go through a round of division in the adult, programmed cell death will bring the fiver back to its normal size within a week. Thus, survival control seems to contribute to size control in the adult fiver. But the big question remains how does an organ know what size it should be ... 

Signals from neighbouring cells or tissues will instruct a particular cell to proliferate, differentiate into another cell type or to commit suicide by programmed cell death. Figure 10.4 shows that NFKB can play a major role in countering programmed cell death and hence survival of the cell after stimulation of the TNFa pathway. Such a pathway depends upon the activation of NFKB which will activate a variety of anti-apoptopic genes. 

Luo L et al. Gene expression profiles of laser-captured adjacent neuronal sub-types. Nature Med 1999 5 117-122. Chiang LW et al. An orchestrated gene expression component of neuronal programmed cell death revealed by cDNA array analysis. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 2001 98 2814-2819. 

They have been shown to initiate apoptosis (programmed cell death). 

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