Stainless-steel pipe, cost

High silicon austenitic stainless steel pipe costs more than cast iron pipe. 

The car, which he runs on a daily basis, is a restored, eight-cylinder 1978 Chevy Camaro with stock 350 (5.7 litre) engine, no computer controls, automatic transmission, stock 4-barrel carburettor and stock fuel pump. The fuel tank has been replaced with a metal water tank with the filler cap vented to release heat and pressure. The exhaust was replaced with a new 2 inch pipe which is ducted into the water tank. The water tank has baffles inside it which also muffles the exhaust noise. The stock exhaust manifolds were used, but they will rust on the inside - custom stainless steel pipes would be best but these were not used due to their cost. 

Cost and installation time for stainless-steel pipe fittings. Prices are for types 304 and 304L. For types 316 and 347, multiply by 1.25 for type 316L, multiply by 1.45. 

In both cases, catastrophic failure of the well will incur a cost penalty of o er 20 million dollars. The cost of hiring the offshore rigs is more than 250,000 per day, let alone the cost of 10,000 metres of the highest quality stainless steel pipe. In one notorious example, seven oil wells were sequentially junked because the sand screens were inaccurately specified resulting in a bill for US 140 million. 

GRE containment piping promises to be substantially more economical than aluminum-lined stainless steel piping. Marshall and Brandt [ ] have shown that the installed cost of fiber-reinforced pipe is near that for mild steel for a number of noncryogenic applications where corrosion resistance is of primary importance. 

MOC of Tubes HDPE, UPVC pipes can be used. Stainless steel pipes are costly and should not be used when chlorinated compounds or dilute acids may be present in the waste water. 

The last plumbing material type is stainless steel, which is often used in industrial applications. Stainless steel provides excellent resistance to corrosion, due to the presence of 18% chromium and 8% nickel (Roberge, 2000). The stainless steel material is, however, expensive. Due to the cost, its use is limited to specialized industries for conveying chemicals or other similar applications (Lee, 2008). A concern with stainless steel pipes is the possibility of leaching chromium into drinking water however, all U.S. states have approved stainless steel use (NSF, 2008 Roberge, 2000). 

The wall thickness selected varies with the service and material. Carbon steel coils are often made from schedule 80 or heavier pipe to allow for corrosion. When stainless-steel or other high-aUoy coils are not subject to corrosion or excessive pressure, they mav be of schedule 5 or 10 pipe to keep costs at a minimum, altliougli high-quahty welding is required for these thin walls to assure trouble-free seiwice. 

Cost rules out almost all alternative materials for long-distance pipe lines it is much cheaper to build and protect a mild steel pipe than to use stainless steel instead - even though no protection is then needed. The only competing material is a polymer, which is completely immune to wet corrosion of this kind. City gas mains are now being replaced by polymeric ones but for large diameter transmission lines, the mechanical strength of steel makes it the preferred choice. 

The estimated cost of the pipes, per unit length is schedule 40 carbon steel 3 ( 5), schedule 80 carbon steel 5 ( 8.3), stainless steel (304) schedule 40 15 ( 24.8). Installation and fittings for all the materials adds 10 ( 16.5) per unit length. 

Piping between units is difficult to estimate. From Figure 8E-4 there are approximately 20,000 ft of piping. Assuming that the average size piping is 3 in, the installed cost is 6.00 per foot (including valves partially stainless steel), and the bare module factor is 1.40, the cost in 1968 is... 

Find the most economical diameter of sch 40 commercial steel pipe that would be needed to transport a petroleum fraction with a viscosity of 60 cP and SG of 1.3 at a rate of 1500gpm. The economic life of the pipeline is 30 yr, the cost of energy is 0.08/kWh, and the pump efficiency is 60%. The cost of pipe is 20 per ft length per inch ID. What would be the most economical diameter to use if the pipe is stainless steel, at a cost of 85 per (ft in. ID), all other things being equal ... 

The current price of titanium is US 15-20 kg-1 in its unalloyed form and owing to its low specific weight, when compared with stainless steel, the relative cost per metre of pipe is US 9-12 kg-1, which is important to bear in mind when comparison is made with high-molybdenum stainless steels, which are today priced at around US 9 kg-1. 

Duplex stainless steel alloys are a mixture of ferritic (400 series) and austenitic (300 series) metals. They provide 1) resistance to stress corrosion and fatigue, 2) pitting resistance, 3) are suitable for a wide temperature range (-50°C to 280°C) and 4) are cost effective. In urea plants, duplex stainless steel is used to construct strippers, decomposers, condensers and pipe lines88. 

Appendix A contains a materials selection guide for aerated freshwater systems. As indicated in Note 27 of Appendix A, in freshwater systems, admiralty brass should be limited to a maximum pH value of 7.2 from ammonia and copper-nickel alloys and should not be used in waters containing more sulfides than 0.007 mg/L The materials selection guide is also satisfactory for seawater, although pump cases and impellers should be a suitable duplex stainless steel or nickel-aluminum-bronze (properly heat treated). Neoprene-lined water boxes should be considered. For piping, fiber-reinforced plastic (up to 150 psi [1,035 kPa] operating pressure) and neoprene-lined steel should also be considered. Titanium and high-molybdenum SS tubes should be considered where low maintenance is required or the cost can be justified by life expectancy. 

In a given situation, it may prove more economic to install a cheaper material with a high corrosion rate and replace it frequently rather than select a more resistant but more expensive material. This strategy would only be considered for relatively simple equipment with low fabrication costs, and where premature failure would not cause a serious hazard. For example, carbon steel could be specified for an aqueous effluent line in place of stainless steel, accepting the probable need for replacement. The pipe wall thickness would be monitored in situ frequently to determine when replacement was needed. 

The rest of the system, valves, separators, heat exchanges, filters, and storage and piping for demanding applications is also fabricated using stainless steel. These components are also cost sensitive to pressure and temperature. 

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