Stage techniques

Fig. 2.9. Comparison of analytical multi-stage techniques (left) and direct instrumental techniques (right)...

Several methods and variations have been developed to electrodeposit compounds. Most of the work described in this article concerns the formation of nonoxide compounds such as II-VI and in Vs. Oxides are probably the largest group of electrodeposited compounds (aluminum anodization for example), but will not be discussed here. The electrodeposition of H-VI compounds has been extensively studied and is well reviewed in a number of articles [24-29], The most prominent compound electrodeposition methods include codeposition, precipitation, and various two-stage techniques. 

Gall bladder carcinoma is rampant in certain parts of the world. For example, it is the number one cause of death in women in Chile. Little has been known about these diseases. Since local relapse and low resectability remain major problems, more efforts are necessary to study preoperative chemoradiotherapy approaches and better staging techniques. 

Tilley, J.M.A. and Terry, R.A. (1963) A two-stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops. Journal of the British Grassland Society 18, 104-111. 

Direct synthesis. In the production of triethylaluminum by the one-stage technique (Fig.85) autoclave 6 with a jacket and shielded electric drive agitator is loaded with a suspension of aluminum powder (ground and activated in vibration mill 3) in n-heptane from batch box 5 and with a necessary amount of triethylaluminum from collector 10. The contents of the autoclave are heated to 135 °C the autoclave recieves a 1 1 mixture of ethylene and hydrogen. 

Fig. 85. Production diagram of triethylaluminum by the one-stage technique 7,5-batch boxes 2 - agitator 3 - vibration mill 4, 10 - collectors 6 - autoclave 7,0-receptacles 8 - centrifuge...

In many instances, the success of interspecific hybrid crosses is limited, although with embryo culture it can often be improved. In a range of crosses, the success rate was increased using a two-stage technique (Chandler and Beard, 1983). The embryos were initially developed on a solid medium, for germination, and then transferred to a liquid medium. Embryos were excised and cultured for 3 to 7 days. 

The goal of the project was the development of a low emission biomass burner for boilers in the range of 50 - 500 kW thermal output [5]. The main feature of the PDU burner design is the secondary combustion chamber creating a vortex to increase gas phase turbulence in order to maximise complete combustion. The main emphasis of the burner design is to reduce the release of particulate matter. The combination of vortex and air staging techniques is supposed to reduce also the NOx-emission level. The combustion system is designed to bum preferably wood chips. 

In this paper the Device Of Stages technique is used to study the effect of the shape of the repair time distributions on RAM performances of a fleet of trams. This device consists in representing a state in which sojourn time is non-exponentially distributed by a combination of stages in each of which sojourn time is Exponential. 

The results presented in the following are obtained, if not stated otherwise, with composites manufactured by the two-stage technique described above. 

This process of course involves additional costs and is more time demanding than single stage techniques. It is only suitable for moderate salinities and temperatures to 160 F (70 °C). The method cannot be used for clay containing formations sensitive to fresh water, which are not uncommon. 

Thomas NP, Kankate R, Wandless F, Pandit H (2005) Revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using a 2-stage technique with bone grafting of the tibial tunnel. Am J Sports... 

Surfaces can be investigated by TEM by the replica technique. Since it is difficult to remove a replica from a polymer surface, two-stage techniques are usually necessary. The gold decoration technique to mark surface structures [2] has been tested, but the difficulties of removing the replica films from the surfaces are too great for wide application. SEM has been increasingly used because it is a very easy way to investigate... 

Activated carbons were produced from raw and acid treated lignites by a two stage technique involving pyrolysis in an inert atmosphere for the removal of volatile matter followed by activation in carbon dioxide. The conversion of the overall reaction (carbonization and activation), generally known as burn-off, is defined as the fraction of the reacted organic matter, according to the following equation ... 

In addition to the aforementioned techniques, most commonly used for the characterization of fibers, fiber assemblies, and fabrics in terms of their wetting behavior or surface tension, there are also other methods available the determination of the contact angle from the equilibrium meniscus near a floating fiber [80], the reflection method initially developed by Jones and Porter [137] (reviewed in Refs. 1 and 32), the tilted fiber or rotating stage technique [138,139], and the solidification front method (recently reviewed in Ref. 140). 

In this chapter, attention will be directed to several of the other separation processes and their design using the equilibrium stage technique. Most of these will involve systems where the McCabe-Thiele approach can be used since temperature effects in many of the processes are minimal. 

Staging techniques using CT, endoscopic ultrasound with fine needle aspiration cytology and laparoscopy have refined the identification of patients suitable for surgery but the 5-year survival rate for adenocarcinoma still remains less than 20%. Many patients present with inoperable disease and whilst a... 

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