Microscopy techniques cold stage

In the U.S. in 1957, McCrone presented a review of fusion methods, techniques, equipment, and applications (12). His definition of fusion methods included the methods and procedures useful in research and analysis, which involved heating a compound or mixture of compounds on a microscope slide (12). His text comprises five parts. Chapter I is an introduction discussing the scope and limitations of fusion microscopy, and Chapter II discusses the commercially available equipment at the time. Chapter III details the general techniques for hot stages, cold stages, and hot bars, characterization and identification of organic compounds, purity estimations,... 

There are some simple freezing methods that provide adequate preparation for some polymers. Cold stage microscopy of colloidal suspensions, microemulsions and liquids is possible by fast freezing and examination of the thin, frozen specimen in an EM. Talmon et ah [404] developed a rather interesting technique in which a thin sample is trapped between two polyimide films. The liquid layer is about 100 nm thick, while the films are about 40 nm thick. Film selection is quite important as the polyimide is more radia-... 

---