Gnaphalium affine

Morimoto, M.S., Kumeda, S., and Komai, K., Insect antifeedant flavonoids from Gnaphalium affine D. Don, J. Agric. Food Chem., 48, 1888, 2000. 

Gnaphalium affine L., G. multiceps Wall., G. confusum DC, G. luteo-album L. var. multiceps Hook, G. arenarium Thunb., G. ramigerum DC, G. javanum DC, G. uliginosum L., G. tranzschelii Kirpicznikov Manihot esculenta Crantz. 

Achillea alpina, A. millefolium, Aleurites moluceanu, Alpinia katsumadai, A. globosum, A. kumatake, Anthriscus aemula, A. sylvestris, Blumea lacera, Daucus camta, Eriobotrya japonica, Calendula officinalis, Gnaphalium affine, G. arenarium, G. confusum, G. javanum, G. luteo-album, G. multiceps,... 

E. cristata, E. splendens, E. feddei, E. souliei, Erigeron canadensis, E. annuus, Eriobotrya japonica, Eucalyptus robusta, Fortunella crassifolia, F. japonica, F. margarita, Gnaphalium affine, G. arenarium,... 

Ficus awkeotsang, Gnaphalium affine, G. arenarium, G. confusum, G. javanum, G. luteo-album,... 

Commiphora myrrha, Comus officinalis, Curculigo capitulata, C. ensifolia, C. malabarica, C. orchiodes, C. stams, Curcuma pallida, C. phaeocoulis, Daemonorops draco, Dodonaea viscosa, Euonymus alatus, E. bungeanus, E. maackii, Ficus awkeotsang, Gnaphalium affine, G. arenarium, G. confusum,... 

The polymethylated flavonoids 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,8,4 -pentamethoxyflavone (353), 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,8,-tetramethoxyflavone (354), and 5,6-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone (355) and a chalcone, 4,4, 6 -trihydroxy-2 -methoxychalcone 356, have all been isolated from cudweed, Gnaphalium affine Compositae).153 Although the flavonoids were present in small amount in the plant, they all exhibit high antifeedant activity against the common cutworm (S. litura) with ED50 values of 1.1 x 10-7 mol cm-2 for 353, 2.0 x 10-8 mol cm-2 for 354, and 2.5 x 10 8 mol cm-2 for 355. The chalcone 356 was present in higher amounts, but had less activity (3.8 x 10 7 mol cm-2).153... 

The antimicrobial polymethylated flavones, 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,8,4 -pentamethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,8-tetramethoxyflavone and 5,6-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone, have been isolated from Gnaphalium affine D Don. [229,230], These flavonoids showed antimicrobial activity against Spodoptera litura. Structure-activity studies suggested the importance of the 6-position substitution of the flavonoid however, hydrophilic substituents decreased the activity. The flavonoid 8-0-(2-methyl-2-butenoyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxyflavone isolated from Gnaphalium robustum L. also inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli [231]. 

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