Spectroscopic imaging

Spectroscopic imaging denotes knaging with acquisition of an NMR spectrum for each voxel. This increases the dimensionality of the imaging experiment by one for ID spectroscopic imaging and is expensive in terms of measurement time. The benefit though is access to all spectroscopic parameters for definition of images with contrast from different spectroscopic parameters (cf. Section 7.3) [Brol, Decl]. 

Because the initial phase of the FID s t2, r) in a voxel at position r is determined by the gradient modulation only, spatial and spectroscopic variables become separated into a product by Fourier transformation over k, 

After further Fourier transformation over t2, the product of the spin density and the NMR spectrum is obtained for each space coordinate r in contrast to (5.4.16). Note, however, that only the phase evolution of s t, r) can be refocused during t and not the irreversible signal decay. This is particularly important for solids with molecular motion where, for example, in NMR, the signal decay during the solid-echo time is used specifically to probe the motion (cf. Section 3.2.2) [Jell, Spil]. 

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Kidder L H, Levin I W, Lewis E N, Kleiman V D and Heilweil E J 1997 Mercury cadmium telluride focal-plane array detection for mid-infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopic imaging Opt. Lett. 22 742-4... 

ESEM environmental scanning electron microscope ESI electron spectroscopic imaging... 

Femtosecond Laser Tsunami Processing and Light Scattering Spectroscopic Imaging of Single Animal Cells 547... 

Qualmann and Kessels have reported the synthesis of carborane-containing lysine dendrimers (123) (Fig. 72), with a better defined number of boron atoms, for use as protein labels in immunocytochemistry using electron microscopic techniques such as electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI).149... 

Mayingcr, B. (2004). Endoscopic fluorescence spectroscopic imaging in the gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointest. Endosc. Clin. N. Am. 14, 487-505, viii-ix. 

Hetherington, H. P., Kuzniecky, R, I., Pan, J. W. et al. Application of high field spectroscopic imaging in the evaluation of temporal lobe epilepsy. Magn. Reson. Imaging 13 1175-1180,1995. 

Simister, R. J., Woermann, F. G., McLean, M. A. et al. A short-echo-time proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging study of temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 43 1021-1031, 2002. 

This paper presents an overview of the current research issues and commercialization efforts related to laser ablation for chemical analysis, discusses several fundamental studies of laser ablation using time-resolved shadowgraph and spectroscopic imaging, and describes recent data using nanosecond laser pulsed ablation sampling for ICP-MS and LIBS. Efforts towards commercialization of field based LIBS systems also will be described. 

The Scanning Tunneling Microscope has demonstrated unique capabilities for the examination of electrode topography, the vibrational spectroscopic imaging of surface adsorbed species, and the high resolution electrochemical modification of conductive surfaces. Here we discuss recent progress in electrochemical STM. Included are a comparison of STM with other ex situ and in situ surface analytic techniques, a discussion of relevant STM design considerations, and a semi-quantitative examination of faradaic current contributions for STM at solution-covered surfaces. Applications of STM to the ex situ and in situ study of electrode surfaces are presented. 

Her present research interests are focused onto the design, synthesis of new lanthanide complexes as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as the development of a novel series of pH and p02 indicators for 111 NMR spectroscopic imaging ( II-MRSI). More recently, she has been involved in synthesis and evaluation of nanostructurated contrast agents. 

M. J. O Brien, V. H. Perez-Luna, S.R.J. Brueck, and G.P. Lopez, "A Surface plasmon Resonance Array Biosensor Based on Spectroscopic Imaging," Biosensors Bioelectronics 16, 97-108 (2001). 

Hence, the presence of trace impurities, which either pre-exist in pristine electrode and bulk electrolyte or are introduced during the handling of the sample, could profoundly affect the spectroscopic images obtained after or during certain electrochemical experiments. This complication due to the impurities is especially serious when ex situ analytic means were employed, with moisture as the main perpetrator. For cathode/electrolyte interfaces, an additional complication comes from the structural degradation of the active mass, especially when over-delithiation occurs, wherein the decomposition of electrolyte components is so closely entangled with the phase transition of the active mass that differentiation is impossible. In such cases, caution should always be exercised when interpreting the conclusions presented. 

Bazett-Jones, D.P. and Hendzel, M.J. (1999) Electron spectroscopic imaging of chromatin. Methods 17(2), 188-200. 

P.J. Treado and M.D. Morris, Infrared and Raman spectroscopic imaging, in Microscopic and Spectroscopic Imaging of the Chemical State, M.D. Morris (Ed), Practical Spectroscopy Series 16, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1993. 

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