Electron spectroscopic imaging

ESEM environmental scanning electron microscope ESI electron spectroscopic imaging... 

Qualmann and Kessels have reported the synthesis of carborane-containing lysine dendrimers (123) (Fig. 72), with a better defined number of boron atoms, for use as protein labels in immunocytochemistry using electron microscopic techniques such as electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI).149... 

Bazett-Jones, D.P. and Hendzel, M.J. (1999) Electron spectroscopic imaging of chromatin. Methods 17(2), 188-200. 

Birkenhager, R., Hoppert, M., Deckers-Hebestreit, G., Mayer, F., and Altendorf, K. (1995). The F0 complex of the Escherichia col/ A I P synthase Investigation by electron spectroscopic imaging and immunoelectron microscopy. Eur.J. Biochem. 230, 58-67. 

Bohmer J, Rahmann H. 1991. Ultrastructural aluminium detection in amphibian tissues by electron spectroscopic imaging and electron energy-loss spectroscopy. J Microsc 162 115-122. 

Xie X, Yokel RA, Markesbery WR. 1994. Application of electron energy loss spectroscopy and electron spectroscopic imaging to aluminum determination in biological tissue. Biol Trace Elem Res 40 39-48. 

Falk, L.K.L., (1998), Electron spectroscopic imaging and fine probe EDX analysis of liquid phase sintered ceramics , J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 18 (15), 2263-2279. 

Kopf-Maier P, Martin R (1989) Subcellular distribution of titanium in the liver after treatment with the antitumor agent titanocene dichloride. A study using electron spectroscopic imaging. Cell Pathol Inc Mol Pathol 57 213-222... 

X-ray powder investigations after thermal treatment up to 1650 C reveal the amorphous state of the ceramic material. Additionally, HRTEM investigations reveal the completely amorphous state at atomic scale of the samples heated up to 1650 °C. Furthermore, elemental maps of Si, B, N, and C recorded by electron spectroscopic imaging confirm a homogeneous distribution of the elements [5]. The Si-NMR spectra of the ceramic materials show one signal at -43 ppm (h>v4 = 1400 Hz) for a typical four-fold coordination of the silicon. 

R Birkenhger, M Hoppert, G Deckers-Herbestreit, F Mayer and K Altendorf (1995) ThepQ complex ofthe Escherihia coli ATP synthase. Investigation by electron spectroscopic imaging and immunoelectron microscopy. Eur J Biochem 230 58-67... 

Fig. 19. Maps formed using electron spectroscopic imaging in a transmission electron microscope from the cross-section of a specimen of -y-TiAl oxidized for 1 hour in air at 900°C showing intermixed regions of TiN and alumina.

Tetley, L. and Vickerman, K. (1991) The glycosomes of trypanosomes number and distribution as revealed by electron spectroscopic imaging and 3-D reconstruction. J. Microsc. 162 83-90. 

De Souza, W. and Benchimol, M. (1988) Electron spectroscopic imaging of calcium in the hydrogenosomes of Tritrichomonas foetus. J. Submicrosc. Cytol. Pathol. 20 619-621. 

Bazett-Jones, D. P. (1992). Electron spectroscopic imaging of chromatin and other nucleoprotein complexes. Electron Microsc. Rev. 5(1), 37-58. 

Woodcock, C. L., Horowitz, R. A., Bazett-Jones, D. P., and Olins, A. L. (1990). Localization of DNA in chromatin using electron spectroscopic imaging and osmium-ammine staining. Proc. Int. Congr. Electron Microsc., 12th, Seattle, WA, 1990, pp. 116-117. 

Reimer L, Fromm I, and Rennekamp R (1988) Operation modes of electron spectroscopic imaging and electron energy-loss spectroscopy in a transmission electron microscope. Ultramicroscopy 24 339-354. 

What firstly succeeded is electron spectroscopic imaging in the TEM, by means of focusing energy spectrometers. The basic idea here is to design an energy spectrometer that also has the properties of an axially symmetric (round) lens and so can take its place in the TEM column as an extra projector lens between the final and intermediate projectors. Such a device has several advantages and was available in certain Zeiss TEMs for sometime. 

A deeper insight into the nanomorphology of the composite particles was provided by electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI) [190b]. The technique allows the es-tabhshment of elemental map compositions, and involves the use of conventional TEM and spectrometry. The method can be described briefly as follows. When an electron beam passes through the sample, interaction with electrons of different el-... 

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