Specified chemical substances

The total number of chemical substances registered under the Chemical Substances Control Law is approximately 28 000 including approximately 20 000 substances as existing substances as of 1973 and approximately 8000 substances as new substances registered thereafter. Until the amendment, they were classified into non-regulated substances, class I specified chemical substances, class II specified chemical substances and designated chemical substances according to their hazard levels on humans caused by their environmental pollution. In the Chemical Substances Control Law amended in 2004 there have been newly established -... 

Chemical Substances, based on such biodegradation and bioaccumulation data and chronic toxicity data. In April 1989, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene and carbon tetrachloride were designated as Class II Specified Chemical Substances, and in 1990, 7 triphenyltin compounds and 13 tributyltin compounds were designated similarly. 

Section 313 requires emissions reporting on the chemical categories listed below, in addition to the specific chemicals listed above. The metal compounds listed below, unless otherwise specified, are defined as including any unique chemical substance that contains the named metal (i.e., antimony, copper, etc.) as part of that chemical s structure. 

The thermodynamic properties of a chemical substance are dependent upon its state and, therefore, it is important to indicate conditions when writing chemical reactions. For example, in the burning of methane to form carbon dioxide and water, it is important to specify whether each reactant and product are solid, liquid, or gaseous since different changes in the thermodynamic property will occur depending upon the state of each substance. Thus, different volume and energy changes occur in the reactions... 

A designated primary chemical reference substance is widely acknowledged as having appropriate qualities within a specified context, and whose value is accepted without reliance on comparison to another chemical substance. 

For maximizing the sensitivity the transduction chain utilized in the sensor has to be considered. In the MZI this chain is given by Am—>An—>AN, //—>Ay>—>AP ut. If we focus on chemical sensors the measurand m is the concentration of a specific chemical substance and Am can be specified as AC. First step of maximizing the sensitivity now is maximizing the effects of each individual transduction step. 

That amount of a substance which, in a specified chemical reaction, produces, reacts with or can be indirectly equated with one mole (6.023 x io23) of hydrogen ions. This confusing term is obsolete but its use is still to be found in some analytical laboratories. 

Hazard communication to users of dangerous chemical substances and preparations is accomplished by labelling and by means of safety data sheets (SDS), which give more detailed information to industrial users. An SDS has to be provided on request to the public for non-industrial preparations. There is a standard EU 16-heading format (Table 5) specified in the SDS Directive (a. 8). 

Section 4 of TSCA authorizes EPA to require manufacturers or processors to test specified existing chemical substances when available data and experience are insufficient to evaluate their health and... 

A further aid in the location of the solvents and their exact specification is the Chemical Abstracts (CAS) Registry Number, shown in the second column. The Chemical Abstracts name may be the same as the commonly used one or may differ from it considerably, so that it is not always easy to find the solvents in these Chemical Substance Indexes of the Chemical Abstracts. Eor instance, benzene, methyl is a fairly transparent name for toluene, and methanol, phenyl a slightly less one for benzyl alcohol, but one has to become familiar with the systematics of Chemical Abstracts nomenclature in order to search for diethyl ether or any other more complicated compound. It is expected that with all this information available in table Al the solvents listed are definitely specified and readily found in the Abstracts and other compilation of information and data. 

Kekule s paper specifies four types of reactions, although much of the body of the paper focuses on metathesis (double decomposition) reactions, implying that they are most important. In the example above, the reaction is written as just such a reaction. Kekule s paper specifies, for the first time, that the atoms in radicals are bound together in an explicit arrangement (in terms of their chemical affinities), although he did not take the further step to specify that each chemical substance has a single, unique stmcture. That was left to the Russian, Butlerov. 

Dose is the amount of a specified chemical (parent compound and/or specified metabolites) or other substance that an individual receives as a result of exposure. 

The material from an appropriate bulk supply of the matrix material is weighed into a suitable container and homogenised. Where appropriate, portions of the matrix material are tested for the analytes of interest and for possible interferences. Pesticide and environmental test samples are usually prepared by spiking known amounts of substances of specified chemical purity into the bulk sample matrix. The spiking process is witnessed and cross-checked by a second scientist and full records of the process and of reference standard solutions used are maintained so that they can be verified if required. 

A component is a particular chemical substance. A chemical reaction at equilibrium is therefore a multicomponent system. In discussing the equilibria of multicomponent systems, it is important to be aware of what constitutes a complete and sufficient specification of the system. If too few variables are specified, the system is not completely defined if too many are specified, the values of these variables may be inconsistent with equilibrium. It is possible to waste much time considering improperly specified systems. 

Specified class I designated chemical substances 12 substances (carcinogenic substances among the class I designated chemical substances)... 

The notified amount of all specified class I designated chemical substances released and transferred totaled 20 000 tonnes during the period from April 2002 to March 2003. 

Chemical substances which may cause adverse effects to human health, endanger people s lives or damage the environment are called hazardous materials. In Japan, hazardous materials are distinguished by two general legal definitions namely, hazardous chemicals in a narrow sense and hazardous materials in a broad sense. Hazardous chemicals in a narrow sense are those substances having ignitability and flammability as specified in the Japanese Fire Services Law these materials are listed in the Exhibit of the Law. 

The record of an experiment should begin with a brief statement of the experiment to be performed. The procedure being followed should be described in all essential detail. When the procedure is described elsewhere, the notebook entry may be abbreviated to a reference to the pubhshed description. However, be certain to record any variations from the published procedure and to specify the apparatus that was used (make and model for commercial equipment, otherwise a sketch). If various pieces of equipment have identification numbers or serial numbers, these should be recorded. Note also any date of modification for apparatus. Include any calibration constants or calibration curves that are provided. For each chemical substance used, record the name, formula, source, grade or stated purity, and concentration (in case of a solution). If you have developed a checklist or work plan for the experiment, record this in your notebook also. 

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