Specific desalination energy

The specific desalination energy, that is, the energy used per unit product volume is given by ... 

Here, fcdes and Edesspc are the desalination energy and the specific desalination, l is the total current, t is the time of operation Cfd and Cfc are the equivalent concentrations of the diluate and the concentrate at the cell inlet, C1 and C° are the concentrations ofthe diluate and the concentrate at the cell outlet, A is the equivalent conductivity of the salt solution, f" and rcm are the area resistances of the anion- and cation-exchange membrane, A is the cell thickness, is the current utilization, and is the diluate... 

According to the design concept, the UNITHERM can be used as a source of energy for the generation of electricity, district heating, seawater desalination and process steam production either in a complex or to meet specific demands. The purpose of the NPP would impact not only the mix of components but may also determine the characteristics of the reactor [II-5]. For instance, the use of steam at low parameters for district heating and potable water production allows the application of a turbine generator unit operated at backpressure. This sufficiently increases total plant efficiency and allows the use of the thermal siphon as an... 

A desalination plant is assumed to be a standard option for the SPINNOR and VSPINNOR reactors. Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) system is targeted for use as described detail in [XXVI-8]. The specific energy consumption for potable water production is estimated at 6 kWh/m. The pressure in the SWRO section is assumed to be 3.8 4.6 MPa. 

Seawater desalination 110 t/year (using processes with a specific energy consumption of 5 kW-hour / ton of water)... 

There is a capability to isolate each primary loop from the reactor using two gate valves on the suction and pressure pipelines of the circuit. On the pressure pipeline of each loop downstream of the PSP a flap-type check valve is provided eliminating coolant backflow in the event of a PSP trip in one loop when the other PSPs are operative. The secondary sodium circuits comprise EHX heat transfer tubes, pipelines, secondary sodium pumps and steam generators. Due to utilization of the reactor energy for fresh water production the steam-water system has some specific features. Steam from the SG is supplied to turbines of two types a condensing turbine (K-100-45) and a back-pressure turbine (K-50-45). Exhaust steam flows from the back-pressure turbine and from intermediate bleeds of K-100-45 turbine are supplied to the water desalination facilities. At a heat output of 750 MW the reactor produces ... 

This specific consumption figure is on an LHV (lower heating value) basis and is equivalent to approximately 31.5 MMBtu/t. This value is representative of the energy required not only to produce 2500 t/day of methanol plant but also to support all required off-sites, such as power generation, desalination of sea-water for boiler feedwater if required, and cooling water circulation. Battery limits energy consumption for a plant of this capacity would be about 2 MMBtu/1 less. 

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