Specific competency

Although the specific competencies required of mentors will always vary befween schemes, executive mentors seem to be the most distinct (Clutterbuck and Megginson, 1999). This is perhaps not surprising, given the t)rpes of needs fhey are required fo meef. 

Another area in which Arabidopsis genetics is proving to be useful is the study of the proposed role of flavonoids in regulating auxin transport. Several years ago, Jacobs and Rubery published the first evidence that flavonoids could specifically compete with naphthylphthalamic acid for binding to the auxin efflux carrier in etiolated zucchini hypocotyls.35 This finding was somewhat controversial, however, and no additional evidence for the connection between flavonoids and auxin transport was reported for some time. Brown et al. have now used Arabidopsis flavonoid mutants to generate new evidence in support of a role for flavonoids in the regulation of polar auxin movement.6 These experiments took... 

Linking to, and collaborating with, other firms, which occupy different institutional niches, can help organizations overcome specific competency limitations (Mitchell Singh, 1996). Embedded within institutions are a series of social networks, where sets of actors know one another, are aware of the same kinds of opportunities, have access to the same kinds of resources, and share the same kinds of perceptions (Burt, 1983). Viewed in isolation, one would naturally expect suboptimal creativity, average returns, and limited organic growth to... 

Drugs that non-specifically compete with AT-hooks peptides for DNA-binding... 

Employee perceives that his or her way is better (safer or more effective), due to deficiencies in the system for establishing and maintaining a specific competency and qualification level... 

An alternative explanation that may also account for the inability of the C-terminal peptide to compete for cell-surface interactions is that its binding site is located not on the extracellular domain of the receptor, but rather on the intracellular domain. The primary differences between the cell-surface form of the IFN-y receptor and (2) the accessibility of the recombinant receptor s cytoplasmic domain. A synthetic peptide corresponding to the membrane proximal region of the cytoplasmic domain of the murine IFN-y receptor was able to bind IFN-y and specifically compete with the binding of IFN-y (95-133) to fixed/permeabilized cells [33]. 

For many problems in our world, it is not enough to depend on one discipline. Instead, more often than not, such problems require a multidisciplinary approach. A specific competence and education may be most useful but not enough, and contributions from quite different disciplines may also be required. 

The identification and evaluation procedure for these research targets is essentially the same as is used for new products. New technology is increasingly being developed in smaller companies with a specific competence. An example would be the work on production scale microreactors by companies such as CPC Cellular Process Chemistry Systems, whose technology is being taken up by large companies in the pilot scale manufacture of fine, speciality and medicinal chemicals. 

More recently, monoclonal antibodies to the rabbit prolactin receptor have been described [49,50]. These showed strong species specificity, competed with 125I-la-belled prolactin for binding to receptors, and provided evidence for receptor heterogeneity in some tissues [49], Two of the monoclonal antibodies could block the actions of prolactin on casein synthesis in rabbit mammary gland explants, and one of them could inhibit milk production in vivo [50]. A third antibody could mimic the actions of prolactin on both casein and DNA synthesis in mammary explants. For this effect bivalency was essential, and down-regulation of receptors was much less than that produced by prolactin itself [50],... 

The project team must identify the individual markets the product plans to target and must also study the general customer characteristics in more detail. In addition to size and growth, individual market share and specific competencies should be analyzed. 

All documentation furnished by the supplier should be available. User manuals, as-built drawings, instrument calibration records, and procedures for operation and maintenance (including calibration schedules) of the system should all be checked to verify that they are suitable. Supplier documentation should be reviewed for accuracy in its specifications of the various versions of software used and approved as fit for purpose. It is recommended that checks are made to verify that contingency plans, SOPs, and any Service Level Agreements (SLAs) are also in place. Any specific competencies supposed to be acquired before the IQ/OQ/PQ through training should also have been achieved — these records should be checked. 

Henriksson, H., Pettersson, C., Johansson, G. Discrimination between enantioselective and non-selective binding sites on cellobiohydrolase-based stationary phases by site specific competing ligands,/. Chromatogr. A, 1999, 857,... 

This scenario requires the installation of a primary sodium draining system as well as the treatment of certain significant retentions in the vessel, and the construction of a reactor to transform the sodium into caustic soda. This reactor would be of the same type as on the Sodium Disposal Process for PFR on DOUNREAY site, based on the principle developed by the CEA for the Rapsodie programme (NOAH process). An early commitment to sodium draining before the very specific competences for this complex operation are lost was another strong additional incentive drawn from the experience feedback from other sites. 

However, the curriculum defines the particular modules related to the Manufacturing Engineering coursework and G-CE (Specific Competences of Bachelor Degree) (see Table 2). 

Again, the curriculum definition includes the particular modules that are related to Manufacturing Engineering (see Table 4), M-SC (Master s Specific Competences). 

The specific competences are typically acquired through a single course. The MFP and business apprenticeships complement this process (Figure 3). 

Figure 3. Number of courses necessaiy to acquire the Specific Competences in seven Master s degrees.

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