South Korea applications

Exports of lead metal increased from 55,500 metric tons in 1990 to 94,400 metric tons in 1991, then fell to 44,000 metric tons in 1996 and 37,400 metric tons in 1997. In 1997, the U.S. exported lead metal primarily to South Korea, Canada, United Kingdom, Malaysia, Belgium, and Taiwan. Lead waste and scrap exports, which amounted to 71,900 metric tons in 1990, rose to 104,300 metric tons in 1995, dropped to 85,300 metric tons in 1996, and rose to 88,400 metric tons in 1997. The lead content of exported scrap lead-acid batteries went from 4,800 metric tons in 1990 to 1,400 metric tons in 1995. No later export tonnage figures for scrap lead-acid batteries are available for 1996 because the data were collected by dollar value only. Most exports are in the form of lead-acid batteries or products containing either lead-acid batteries or other applications of lead (Larrabee 1998 Smith 1998). 

National programs are underway to develop and deploy the reactor and applications in China, France, South Korea, and United States [35-38]. Many more countries are participating in R D through the High Temperature Reactor Technology Network of the European Union [39] and the GIF including the 10 member countries [40]. Builds of full-scale commercial demonstration reactors are actively planned in several countries such as South Africa [41] and the United States [38]. 

CLINSULF DO [Direct oxidation] A process for recovering sulfur from gas streams containing low concentrations of hydrogen sulfide, under conditions where the conventional Claus process is not applicable. It can recover sulfur over a wider range than direct oxidation scrubbers. Operated in Austria and South Korea. 

The low cost of sulfur dyes, coupled with good fastness properties and the ease of application, continues to ensure a high consumption. The number of manufacturers has fallen since the 1960s and production is mainly confined to the United States, U.K., Germany, and Spain. There is one principal producer in each of these countries. There are other, less well-known manufacturers in Russia, the People s Republic of China, South Korea, Japan, and... 

Applicant Korean Advanced Institute of Sciences (South Korea)... 

Patents may be valid for 10 up to 20 years, depending on the individual country. With a few exceptions the patent duration starts at the time of filing of the application. EPO and OAPI countries as well as most other countries, including Canada, the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Czech and Slovak Republics, South Korea and Mexico, offer patent protection for 20 years from the date of filing. Patents in the USA are valid for 17 years after issue. In Japan patent duration is limited to 15 years after issue with a maximum of 20 years between the filing of the application and the end of the patent term. Patent protection in Australia and New Zealand is 16 years from the filing date. 

While the number of U.S. patent applications from U.S. inventors more than doubled from 91,000 in 1990 to 189,000 in 2003, the percentage held steady at 55 percent.2 In contrast, U.S. patent applications from the fastest-growing economies (China, Hong Kong, India, Ireland, Israel, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan) increased more than eightfold from 3,800 in 1990 to 30,800 in 2003 their share of U.S. patent applications more than tripled, from 2.3 to 9.0 percent. 

To check the application of the investigated method, carbaryl was determined in commercially available pesticide samples, Carbaryl was determined in Dongbu nac (Dongbuhitek South Korea) and the results are given in Table 1. As can be seen in Table 1, the concentration of carbaryl found with the new method were in close agreement with the label claims. The results confirm that the new method is reliable and may be applied for the determination of carbaryl in pesticide samples. 

This volume begins with an overview chapter and then addresses aspects of flavor and fragrance production, isolation, analysis, authentication, composition, functionality, and application. The diversity of the chapters reflects the diversity of the chemistry that challenges flavor and fragrance researchers. The authors were also a diverse group from England, France, Germany, Israel, Japan, South Korea, and the United States. 

Lufeneron from Ciba-Geigy is the current market leader of the benzoylphenyl ureas [72]. It has been used in Europe and Japan on cotton and vegetables and markets are increasing in Latin America and South Korea. Its major application has been in the animal health market for the control of fleas on domestic dogs, cats and other animals [73-76]. It is also currently being developed as a bait for termite control [72]. 

A special application of ED is the concentration of NaCl from seawater for the production of table salt [41, 42]. This application is confined to Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. These ED plants concentrate the salt content from 35,000 mg/1 in seawater to 150,000-200,000 mg/1 prior to evaporation and crystaUisation. ED as a preconcentration step leads to substantial savings in energy costs. Large plants with a capacity of20,000 to more than 200,000 tons of salt per year are in operation in Japan. A TSX-200 ED unit contains 3500 cell pairs in a stack. The cell pair area is 2 and the cell thickness is 0.4 mm. The production capacity is 30,000 tons NaCl per year. The power consumption of the electrodialyser is 155 kW h/ton NaCl. 

SCR systems were installed first in Japan starting from the late 1970s on both industrial and utility plants for gas-, oil-, and coal-fired applications (7). SCR technology has also vmdergone a wide diffusion in Europe, since 1985 when it has been introduced in Austria and West Germany. This technology presently accounts for more than 90-95% of De-NOjc fine gas treatments in Europe. SCR applications in the United States were at first confined to Gas Turbines and were primarily located in California, but presently SCR systems have been installed in several industrial boilers, thermal power plants, and cogeneration units all over the United States. Several SCR plants have been installed also in Far East (eg, China and Republic of South Korea). 

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