Sorting tasks

Executive tasks, e.g. tests of verbal fluency and attentional set-shifting (such as card sorting tasks), are significantly impaired in patients with more severe depression and in elderly depressed patients. 

List of Abbreviations CKU, chronic ketamine users COMT, catechol-O-methyltransferase DA, dopamine DAT, DA transporters DLPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex EC, entorhinal cortex MPFC, medial prefrontal cortex NET, norepinephrine transporters PFC, prefrontal cortex SN, substantia nigra VTA, ventral tegmental area TH, tyrosine hydroxylase WCST, Wisconsin Cart Sort Task WM, working memory... 

Significant correlation between duration of atypical meds and NAA signal in ACC in patients on atypical antipsychotics typical neuroleptic users showed progressive decrease in NAA levels in ACC 4 NAA in ACC and fewer errors on Wisconsin Card Sort Task in patients treated with atypical meds compared with patients treated with typical antipsychotics 4 NAA/Cr in FL of children with schizophrenia spectrum disorders no medication effects or other metabolite differences found... 

Volz et al. (1998) Pt = 18M,8F Ctrl = 11M.12F 1.5 T, VOI PCr concentration, PCr/ATP ratio in FL negatively correlated with Wisconsin Card Sort Task score in controls... 

Figure 3.2. Results of multidimensional scaling and cluster analyses The initial sorting task...

First sorting task. The students, of course, remembered that the subject of the earlier experiment was arithmetic problem solving, and most of them attempted to use situational knowledge to carry out the sorting task. A few resorted to using arithmetic operation... 

A second analysis of the sorting tasks yielded additional information about how accurately students perceived similarities and differences among the problems they classified. Notice that these are not tests per se about whether students learned to associate names with figures. Rather, they assessed aspects of the students learning about the situations. 

After instruction the groups differed significantly on all sorting tasks, regardless of when the task occurred or how the task was structured. 

In contrast, seeing the labels did not aid the recall of the No-Diagram students. Their success in categorizing the problems actually declined slightly from the second to the third sorting task (from a mean of 10.14 to 9.86). Items that had been correctly classified when only the names were available to the students were m/sclassified in the presence of the labels. The interference explanation suggests that the similarities among these verbal representa-... 

We can also compare the schema-based measures with a different outcome measure, still using the same general approach described above. One candidate for comparison is the first sorting task of M. A. Brewer s experiment (1988), described in chapter 9. The dependent variable in the analysis now is CLASSIFICATION, the... 

Sorting tasks appear in so many applications that the efficiency of sort algorithms can have a large effect on overall computer system performance. Consequently, choice of a sort method is a fundamental data structure decision. The ultimate decision depends on the characteristics of the data sets to be sorted and the uses to which the sorted data will be put. The requests for a sorted version of a... 

In addition to measuring decision time in a variable sorting task (an analogue of a choice reaction time task) measures were also made on skilled arm-hand movements smd dextrous manipulations in order to check whether previously observed effects on motor performance were still present. 

A card sorting task was used to measure information processing rate. Once again Ais was a task which could be explained fairly easily by demonstration and which Ad not rely on complex verbal instructions. The level of difficulty of Ae task, Ae information load, could be systematically varied by changing Ae number of stimulus-response sets presented to Ae subject. In essence Ae task measures choice reaction time. 

In the second stage, called the visible device stage, we asked the subject to command a computer device to carry out the sorting task step by step. The elementary commands available were similar to elementary instructions of a basic-like programming language. The task consisted in sorting 7 letters by their value. The subject could see on the screen a 2 by 7 table, the 7... 

Other methods typically include more samples e.g., four or five, and the subject s task is to identify which product is most like one or more of the others. For example, it could be a 2 of 5 or some such combination. This type of test is like a sorting task but with more sensory fatigue potential. These methods are often developed within an industry and are unique to that industry however, the sensory fatigue issue is a concern. 

The sorting task can also be applied to achieve a selection of products prior to a descriptive analysis. Piombino et al. (2004) developed a two-step strategy for the analysis of wine flavor. The sorting of a large number of samples by untrained subjects led to the selection of a representative subset of products that were evaluated, in a second step, by descriptive techniques. 

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