Somatomammotropin, human chorionic

Chorionic Somatomammotropin. Three genes encode human chorionic somatomammotropin [11085-36-2] (hCS). These are located within a cluster of genes on human chromosome 17 which code for pituitary growth hormone [12629-01 -5] (GH-N), placental GH [109675-94-7J (GH-V), and three hCS molecules, ie, hCS-A, hCS-B, and hCS-V (1 3), also referred to as human placental lactogens. All of these molecules ate closely related to GH in stmcture (Fig. 1). Placental lactogens also exist in rodents and mminants however, these hormones are more closely related to prolactin than GH. 

HORMONES - ANTERIORPITUITARY-LIKE HOMONES] (Vol 13) Human chorionic somatomammotropin [11085-36-2] (hCS)... 

Human pituitary GH (somatotropin) is a 191-amino-acid peptide with two sulfhydryl bridges. Its structure closely resembles that of prolactin and the placental hormone human chorionic somatomammotropin. Pituitary-derived GH is no longer used (see below). Animal GH is not completely homologous to human GH and is ineffective in humans. 

Tl. Teh, L. C., Murphy, L. J., Huq, N. L., Surus, A. S., Friesen, H. G., etal., Methionine oxidation in human growth hormone and human chorionic somatomammotropin. Effects on receptor binding and biological activities. J. Biol. Chem. 262, 6472-6477 (1987). 

Anterior pituitary hormones are classihed into three families the somatomammotropin family (GH and PRL), the glycoprotein hormones (LH, FSH, and TSH), and the opiomelanocortin family (ACTH, /i-endorphin, and related peptides). These three families appear to have evolved from three separate ancestral polypeptides homologous members of each family occur in other parts of the body. For example, human placental lactogen (hPL) is somatomammotropic, human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) is a glycoprotein hormone, and the brain and gut produce substances related to endorphins (enkephalins and dynorphin). 

Structural homology in the somatomammotropin family. Diagram of basic structure of human chorionic somatomammotropin, human growth hormone, and ovine prolactin. Bars represent the peptide chains with the amino terminus at left and the carboxyl terminus at right. Shaded portions of each bar represent the areas of homology. Lines above the bars represent disulfide bridges. [Reproduced with permission from H. D. Niall,... 

Placental, or chorionic, hormones are produced by the mammalian placenta during pregnancy. Of these, human chorionic somatomammotropin is a potent lactogen that contributes to breast development during pregnancy... 

Owerbach D, Rutter WJ, Martial JA, Baxter JD, Shows TB. Genes for growth hormone, chorionic somatomammotropin, and growth hormone-like gene on chromosome 17 in humans. Science 1980 209 289-92. 

Mannik J, Vaas P, Rull K, Teesalu P, Laan M. Differential placental expression profile of human growth hormone/chorionic somatomammotropin genes in pregnancies with pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2012 355 180-7. 

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