Chorionic somatomammotropin

Chorionic Somatomammotropin. Three genes encode human chorionic somatomammotropin [11085-36-2] (hCS). These are located within a cluster of genes on human chromosome 17 which code for pituitary growth hormone [12629-01 -5] (GH-N), placental GH [109675-94-7J (GH-V), and three hCS molecules, ie, hCS-A, hCS-B, and hCS-V (1 3), also referred to as human placental lactogens. All of these molecules ate closely related to GH in stmcture (Fig. 1). Placental lactogens also exist in rodents and mminants however, these hormones are more closely related to prolactin than GH. 

HORMONES - ANTERIORPITUITARY-LIKE HOMONES] (Vol 13) Human chorionic somatomammotropin [11085-36-2] (hCS)... 

Human pituitary GH (somatotropin) is a 191-amino-acid peptide with two sulfhydryl bridges. Its structure closely resembles that of prolactin and the placental hormone human chorionic somatomammotropin. Pituitary-derived GH is no longer used (see below). Animal GH is not completely homologous to human GH and is ineffective in humans. 

Tl. Teh, L. C., Murphy, L. J., Huq, N. L., Surus, A. S., Friesen, H. G., etal., Methionine oxidation in human growth hormone and human chorionic somatomammotropin. Effects on receptor binding and biological activities. J. Biol. Chem. 262, 6472-6477 (1987). 

GH is a single-chain polypeptide with a molecular mass of 21,500 Da that contains 191 amino acids and two intramolecular disulfide bridges. It is structurally similar to PRL and to the placental hormone chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS, placental lactogen), with which it has overlapping biological effects. Many consider GH, PRL, and hCS to have descended from a common single primordial peptide. 

Owerbach D, Rutter WJ, Martial JA, Baxter JD, Shows TB. Genes for growth hormone, chorionic somatomammotropin, and growth hormone-like gene on chromosome 17 in humans. Science 1980 209 289-92. 

Structural homology in the somatomammotropin family. Diagram of basic structure of human chorionic somatomammotropin, human growth hormone, and ovine prolactin. Bars represent the peptide chains with the amino terminus at left and the carboxyl terminus at right. Shaded portions of each bar represent the areas of homology. Lines above the bars represent disulfide bridges. [Reproduced with permission from H. D. Niall,... 

Placental, or chorionic, hormones are produced by the mammalian placenta during pregnancy. Of these, human chorionic somatomammotropin is a potent lactogen that contributes to breast development during pregnancy... 

Mannik J, Vaas P, Rull K, Teesalu P, Laan M. Differential placental expression profile of human growth hormone/chorionic somatomammotropin genes in pregnancies with pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2012 355 180-7. 

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