Gestational diabetes mellitus

Gestations diabetes mellitus Gestations diabetes mellitus develops during the second or third trimester of pregnancy and resolves after delivery. During the pregnancy, this is treated with diet and insulin injections if necessary. 

Diabetes mellitus gestational diabetes or diabetes without vascular disease... 

Distinguish clinical differences in type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes mellitus. 

Delivered a baby weighing greater than 9 lb (4.09 kg) or previous diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus... 

Uncommon causes of diabetes (1% to 2% of cases) include endocrine disorders (e.g., acromegaly, Cushing s syndrome), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), diseases of the exocrine pancreas (e.g., pancreatitis), and medications (e.g., glucocorticoids, pentamidine, niacin, and a-interferon). 

Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus utilizes the oral glucose challenge test. Groups at high risk are African Americans, Native Americans, Asian Americans, Latino Americans, and Pacific Islanders. 

Diabetes mellitus is defined as an elevated blood glucose associated with absent or inadequate pancreatic insulin secretion, with or without concurrent impairment of insulin action. The disease states underlying the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus are now classified into four categories type 1, insulin-dependent diabetes) type 2, non-insulin-dependentdiabetes) type 3, other, and type 4, gestational diabetes mellitus (Expert Committee, 2003). 

Thiazolidinediones have benefit in the prevention of type 2 diabetes. The Diabetes Prevention Trial reported a 75% reduction in diabetes incidence rate when troglitazone was administered to patients with prediabetes. Another study reported that troglitazone therapy significantly decreased the recurrence of diabetes mellitus in high-risk Hispanic women with a history of gestational diabetes. 

Fisher JE, Smith RS, Lagrandeur R, Lorenz RP. Gestational diabetes mellitus in women receiving beta-adrenergics and corticosteroids for threatened preterm delivery. Obstet Gynecol 1997 90(6) 880-3. 

Langer O, Conway DL, Berkus MD, Xenakis EM, Gonzales O. A comparison of glyburide and insulin in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 2000 343(16) 1134—8. 

In a retrospective, case-control study of the use of phencyclidine in 23 of 13 653 pregnant women, the phencyclidine users had smaller infants (2698 versus 3011 g), which may have been partly accounted for by a reduction in gestational age (37.3 versus 38.3 weeks) (24). The users were more likely to have used tobacco, alcohol, or marijuana and had a higher incidence of syphilis and diabetes mellitus. 

Impaired glucose tolerance is common in pregnancy emd may be severe enough to be classified as diabetes mellitus (so-called gestationed diabetes), which usutdly resolves on parturition. A number of studies have shown that supplements of 100 mg of vitamin Be per day result in improved glucose tolerance (Rose et al., 1975). 

American Diabetes Association. Gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2000 23 S77-9. 

Hughes PF, Agarwal M> Newman P, Morrison J. An evaluation of fructosamine estimation in screening for gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 1995 12 708-12. 

Kjos SL, Buchanan TA. Gestational diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1999 341 1749-56. 

Summary and recommendations of the Second International Workshop-Conference on gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 1985 34 Suppl 2 ... 

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