Solvents glycerin

True event. Product R D helped Toxicology determine that the apparent intestinal irritation of an orally administered NCE was caused not by the drug, but by the innocuous solvent (glycerin). 

Amyl alcohol Solvents Glycerine Sodium chloride, 10% Kerosene... 

Glycerol ct-dichlorohydrin, sym-dichloroiso-propyl alcohol, 1,3-dichloro-2-hydroxypropane, CH2CI-CHOH-CH2C1. Colourless liquid with an ethereal odour b.p. 174-175" C. Prepared by passing dry HCl into glycerin containing 2% elhanoic acid at 100-1 lO C. Converted to x-epichlorohydrin by K.OH, Used as a solvent for cellulose nitrate and resins. 

Paint and varnish manufacturing Resin manufacturing closed reaction vessel Varnish cooldng-open or closed vessels Solvent thinning Acrolein, other aldehydes and fatty acids (odors), phthalic anhydride (sublimed) Ketones, fatty acids, formic acids, acetic acid, glycerine, acrolein, other aldehydes, phenols and terpenes from tall oils, hydrogen sulfide, alkyl sulfide, butyl mercaptan, and thiofen (odors) Olefins, branched-chain aromatics and ketones (odors), solvents Exhaust systems with scrubbers and fume burners Exhaust system with scrubbers and fume burners close-fitting hoods required for open kettles Exhaust system with fume burners... 

V. E. Ignateva, A. G. Telin, N. I. Khisamutdinov, S. V. Safronov, V. N. Artemev, and Y. A. Ermilov. Composition for oil extraction—contains hydrocarbon- or alcohol-containing solvent, water and vat residue from production of glycerine or ethylene glycol. Patent RU 2065941-C, 1996. 

Solubility Insoluble in most solvents Soluble in water, propylene glycol, and glycerin... 

Glycerin, propylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol thickened with carboxyvinyl polymers (Carboxamer NF) provide organic solvent bases. Consistencies ranging from soft jelly to peanut butter can be achieved. 

Glycerites are glycerin-extracted preparations and are alcohol-free. Although glycerin tastes sweet, it is not considered a sugar. Although glycerin is considered a poor solvent for many of the active... 

Reaction of acetic acid solutions of Ru3(CO)i2 with mixtures of CO and R2 under pressure produces substantial amounts of methyl acetate and smaller quantities of ethylene glycol diacetate/ as shown in Table I. Other products observed in these reactions are traces of glycerine triacetate and small amounts of ethyl acetate. (The ethanol is apparently derived largely from acetic acid by catalytic hydrogenation, since reactions in propionic acid solvent yield similar quantities of propyl propionate and only traces of ethyl propionate.)... 

Fig. 6.1. Vapor pressures of solvents as a function of temperature. 1 glycerin, 2 DMSO (C3Hg03), 3 water, 4 ethanol, 5 aceton.

Parenterais The most important criterion for parenterals is that they have to be sterile for injection or infusion administration. Excipients are added to make parenterals isotonic with blood, improve solubility, and control pH of the solution. The solvent vehicles include water-for-injection, sterile sodium chloride, potassium chloride, or calcium chloride solution, and nonaqueous solvents such as alcohol, glycol, and glycerin. Preservatives, antioxidants, and stabilizers are normally added to enhance the properties of the drug product. 

The industrial fatty acid-DETA derivatives were evaluated for application to soil. Water infiltrated soil coated with the BETA derivative of tallow more rapidly than the controls. This was due to the high unsaturation content and also in part to the glycerine retained in the product as discussed below. We were unable to find a solvent system which would readily separate the glycerine, formed from the triglyceride, from the BETA reaction product. If the glycerine were removed, the infiltration rates for the tallow-DETA derivative should be identical with the rates obtained for tallow fatty acid-DETA reaction product. 

Highly viscous solvents, like molasses or glycerin, will have a lower diffusivity than solvents like kerosene or alcohol, all other factors being equal. This is also where temperature becomes important, because the viscosity of a liquid is highly dependent on temperature. 

Nine hundred and twenty-five milliliters of absolute ethanol (Note 1) is placed in a 2-1. three-necked round-bottomed flask, fitted with a mercury or glycerin-sealed stirrer (Note 2), dropping funnel, and reflux condenser. To this is added 46 g. (2 gram atoms) 2 of freshly cut sodium, a few pieces at a time and at such a rate that the reaction proceeds rapidly but the solvent does not reflux too vigorously. When most of the sodium has dissolved, a calcium chloride drying tube is fitted to the top of the condenser and 320 g. (2 moles) of redistilled diethyl malonate is added from the dropping funnel. Then 205 g. (2 moles) of 3-chlorocyclopentene (p. 42) (Note 3) is added at such a rate that a gentle reflux is maintained. Towards the end of the addition, it is desirable to test the reaction mixture with pH test paper, and the addition should be stopped if the solution becomes acidic. 

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