Bioactive proteins

Korhonen, H., Pihlanto-Leppala, A., Rantamaki, P., and Tupasela, T. (1998). Impact of processing on bioactive proteins and peptides. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 9,307-319. Kunugi, S. and Tanaka, N. (2002). Cold denaturation of proteins under high pressure. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1595, 329-344. 

The characteristics that discourage the use of RPLC for preparative isolation of bioactive proteins favor its use as an analytical tool for studying protein conformation. Chromatographic profiles can provide information on conformational stability of a protein and the kinetics of folding and unfolding processes. Information about solvent exposure of certain amino acid residues (e.g., tryptophan) as a function of the folding state can be obtained by on-line spectral analysis using diode array UV-vis detection or fluorescence detection. 

Proper protein folding is a concern in the production of a bioactive protein therapeutic, and it is of interest to verify that the conformation of a recombinant protein is the same as the wild-type molecule. Because retention in RPLC depends on the surface hydrophobic contact area, comparable chromatographic behavior of a recombinant protein with that of the wild-type molecule provides evidence of similar 3-D structure.17 38... 

Starting from bioactive proteins, peptides with similar activity or binding properties could frequently be identified the development of peptide mimetks from those peptides is a classical exercise in medicinal chemistry. The analogous approach for carbohydrates, the development of carbohydrate mimetks from bioactive polysaccharides, is in its infancy. 

Disposition Aldesleukin is primarily eliminated by metabolism in the kidney. It is cleared from the circulation by both glomerular filtration and peritubular extraction with little or no bioactive protein excreted in the urine. 

Protein 32 g/1 30-40 Essential amino acids, bioactive proteins, peptides. Enhanced bioavailability... 

As of 2008, 25 therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) mAbs had been approved for clinical use in the United States, and with over 400 antibodies being in preclinical and clinical development further increase of antibody therapies is assured (10, 11). As a general rule, the Fc fragment is a key component of therapeutic mAb design because it extends their pharmacokinetics. Inclusion of the Fc from IgG is also a key component of other bioactive proteins where prolongation of pharmacokinetics is desired, e.g., the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) fusion protein etan-ercept (Enbrel ) (12). Thus for both therapeutic antibodies and Fc-fusion proteins, the FcRn interaction is a generalized way to exploit FcRn protection to achieve the benefits of extended persistence in vivo. 

There are a number of examples of the development of plants for pharmaceutical protein production including antibodies, vaccines, and other bioactive proteins (Daniell et al., 2001 Daniell, 2006 Ma et al., 2005a, b, c Twyman et al., 2003) as well as consideration of the issues surrounding regulatory issues of the use of transgenic plants for pharmaceutical protein applications (Ma et al., 2005b Sparrow et al., 2007 Spok, 2007). 

IV. Technological Processes for the Production of Bioactive Proteins and Peptides... 

IV. TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIOACTIVE PROTEINS AND PEPTIDES... 

Development of novel fractionation and purification methods for bioactive proteins and their hydrolysates. 

Study of interactions of bioactive proteins/peptides/amino acids with other food components during processing and effects of these interactions on bioactivity. 

Study of the technological functionality of bioactive proteins, e.g., LF, immunoglobulins, egg proteins and bioactive peptides. 

Basic research on the transgenic production of bioactive proteins and the potential side-effects, e.g., allergenicity and toxicity of such proteins. 

Evaluation of the efficacy of bioactive proteins in animal model and human clinical studies per se and in food systems. 

The diffusion coefficient of a bioactive protein has been determined to be 1.02 x 10 2 cm2/min at 25°C in water. Calculate how long it takes the protein to diffuse a biological membrane whose thickness is 11.7 pm, assuming that there is no hindrance by the cell structure for diffusion. 

Kitts, D. D., and Weiler, K. 2003. Bioactive proteins and peptides from food sources. Applications of bioprocesses used in isolation and recovery. Curr. Pharma. Design, 9,1309-1323. 

Various bioactive proteins produced by genetic engineering (e. g., recombinant cytokines, hormones, and so on) have already been clinically used. However, these bioactive proteins involve... 

Most of the dosage forms of the bioactive protein or peptide are liquid preparations. The permeability of the intestinal mucosa to high-molecular-weight substances is very low. However, oral delivery systems may be developed by manipulation of the physicochemical property of the drug molecule or by devising an effective formulation. 

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