Solution acrylic resins

The term solution acrylics refers to acrylic resins prepared by chain-growth polymerization using a solutionbased polymerization process. Here, acrylic monomers and initiators are slowly added to an organic solvent and polymerization is carried out at a predetermined temperature and inert atmosphere with efficient stirring. Both monomers and the polymer formed are miscible in the selected solvent. With the progress of polymerization, the solution viscosity will Increase and heat transfer becomes difficult, limiting the solid content of the final solution. Both thermoplastic and thermosetting solution acrylics can be prepared by this technique. 

TPAs are high MW acrylic copolymers supplied in organic solvents. These copolymers are typically prepared from monomers such as methyl methacrylate, styrene, or n-butyl acrylate. The selection of solvent is dictated by solubility of the resin, solution viscosity, evaporation rate, type of final coating for which it will be used, and cost. TPAs are generally used in systems that cure at ambient temperature without the need for cross-linkers. Therefore, such resins are designed with specified T so as to produce dried films with 

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The viscosity of solution polymers increases directly with molecular weight. Performance properties begin to plateau as molecular weight increases, but viscosity continues to increase. Thermosetting solution acrylic resins are polymerized to lower molecular weight than thermoplastic acrylics, since they attain their property performance by conversion to infinite three-dimensional networks by chemical reaction (forming primary chemical bonds). 

Formulations and Methods for the Preparation of Solution Acrylic Resins... 

Thermoplastic solution acrylic resins were the first type of acrylics to be commercialised in the 1930 s, for speciality uses. In the 1950 s they began to be used for automotive applications, in the United States, replacing nitrocellulose based finishes and synthetic enamels. They offered significantly improved colour, colour stabibty and exterior durability over other polymers of similar cost. Thermoplastic acrylics are prepared by the homo/copolymerisation of acrylic monomers and are usually regarded as inert. Today two main classes of thermoplastic acrylics are commercially available ... 

Thickness of recording dye layer = 10 nm when spincoated from a CHCl solution on an acrylate resin plate. 

Organic peroxide-aromatic tertiary amine system is a well-known organic redox system 1]. The typical examples are benzoyl peroxide(BPO)-N,N-dimethylani-line(DMA) and BPO-DMT(N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine) systems. The binary initiation system has been used in vinyl polymerization in dental acrylic resins and composite resins [2] and in bone cement [3]. Many papers have reported the initiation reaction of these systems for several decades, but the initiation mechanism is still not unified and in controversy [4,5]. Another kind of organic redox system consists of organic hydroperoxide and an aromatic tertiary amine system such as cumene hydroperoxide(CHP)-DMT is used in anaerobic adhesives [6]. Much less attention has been paid to this redox system and its initiation mechanism. A water-soluble peroxide such as persulfate and amine systems have been used in industrial aqueous solution and emulsion polymerization [7-10], yet the initiation mechanism has not been proposed in detail until recently [5]. In order to clarify the structural effect of peroxides and amines including functional monomers containing an amino group, a polymerizable amine, on the redox-initiated polymerization of vinyl monomers and its initiation mechanism, a series of studies have been carried out in our laboratory. 

Resin solution penetrating sealers are now available which, for very large warehouse floors, are comparable in applied costs with the concrete surface hardeners and are now being increasingly specified. Experience indicates that certain acrylic resin solutions are proving more durable and offer better protection to chemical and oil spillage than concrete surface hardeners. Acrylic resin solution sealers can markedly improve the abrasion resistance of concrete floors and have rescued a number of poor-quality floors. 

Acrylic resins are polymeric materials used to make warm yet lightweight garments. The osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 47.7 g of an acrylic resin in enough water to make 500. mL of solution is 0.325 atm at 25°C. (a) What is the average molar mass of the polymer ... 

CH,CH(CN)—. (c) What would be the vapor pressure of the solution if the vapor pressure of pure water at 25°C is 0.0313 atm (Assume that the density of the solution is 1.00 g-ern .) (d) Which approach (osmometry or the lowering of vapor pressure) would you prefer for the determination of very high molar masses such as those of acrylic resins Why ... 

Temperatures should not exceed 60°C for the Type I resins, and 40°C for Type II and acrylic resins. Thermal degradation and the loss of functional groups occur when these temperatures are exceeded. Elimination of silica from the resin bed is further improved by preheating the bed with warm water before injecting the NaOH solution. 

Axiva in Frankfurt, Germany (now Siemens-Axiva), performed the radical solution polymerization of acrylate resins using micromixer-tube reactors [42]. 

Chemistry, Physics, and Biology Laboratories. As a rule, before any artifact is subjected to treatment, the chemistry laboratory determines the causes of any alterations or deterioration. The nature and structure of the artifact, its pigments and inks, are identified to avoid negative reactions to prescribed treatment. Fixatives are recommended if required these may be cellulose acetate dissolved in acetone, soluble nylon, or acrylic resin sprays. Once stains are identified, several possible solvents are selected. For deacidification, either magnesium bicarbonate or barium hydroxide usually is recommended, depending on whether an aqueous or nonaqueous solution is called for. Bleaching is discouraged, but when necessary, hypochlorites are used with suitable antichlors. 

Some previous work is shown in Table I R. D. Smith (2) impregnated the paper in a book with acrylic resin and ethyl hydroxyl-ethyl cellulose solutions to increase fold. Salz and Skrivanek (2) patented solutions of polyvinyl butyral and formal for the purpose these materials have been supplied under the name of Regnal. Baer, Indictor, and Joel (3) compared the folding endurance of papers impregnated with Regnal,... 

Fibril and Acrylic Resin Mixture A blend of cotton fibrils and acrylic resin was prepared by mixing a highly fibril-lated but unstrained cotton with a 13.8% solution of Rhoplex HA-16 in a ratio of 50 1. The fibrils and water were mixed for 5 h to form a slurry containing approximately 0.5% fibrils and 0.29% Rhoplex HA-16. 

In terms of general solvency, solvents may be described as active solvents, latent solvents, or diluents. This differentiation is particularly popular in coatings applications, but the designations are useful for almost any solvent application. Active solvents are strong solvents for the particular solute in the application, and are most commonly ketones or esters. Latent solvents function as active solvents in the presence of a strong active solvent. Alcohols exhibit this effect in nitrocellulose and acrylic resin solutions. Diluents, most often hydrocarbons, are nonsolvents for the solute in the application. 

The microporous membrane films (see Table 13.3) and one mesh spacers were spirally wound around acrylic resin pipes through which the feed, strip, and organic LM solutions were supplied to the module [34,36]. The outer surface and the top and bottom ends of the module were sealed with an adhesive. 

Gutierrez-Rocca, J.C. McGinity, J.W. Influence of aging on the physical-mechanical properties of acrylic resin films cast from aqueous dispersions and organic solutions. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 1993, 19 (3), 315-332. 

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