Soluble condensed phosphorus

Total Soluble Phosphorus. Total soluble phosphorus includes soluble orthophosphate (soluble condensed phosphate if present) and soluble organic phosphorus. A membrane-filtered sample is treated to release phosphorus as orthophosphate from combination with organic matter and condensed phosphates by some form of oxidation (and hydrolysis). 

The crude acetonitrile contains as impurity chiefly acetic acid, arising from the action of phosphoric acid on the acetamide. Therefore add to the nitrile about half its volume of water, and then add powdered dry potassium carbonate until the well-shaken mixture is saturated. The potassium carbonate neutralises any acetic acid present, and at the same time salts out the otherwise water-soluble nitrile as a separate upper layer. Allow to stand for 20 minutes with further occasional shaking. Now decant the mixed liquids into a separating-funnel, run off the lower carbonate layer as completely as possible, and then pour off the acetonitrile into a 25 ml, distilling-flask into which about 3-4 g. of phosphorus pentoxide have been placed immediately before. Fit a thermometer and water-condenser to the flask and distil the acetonitrile slowly, collecting the fraction of b.p. 79-82°. Yield 9 5 g. (12 ml.). 

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Condensed (poly) phosphates may exert different effects on calcium utilization than the aforementioned effects of simple (ortho-) phosphates. Polyphosphates have a much greater affinity for calcium than do orthophosphates, and soluble calcium-polyphosphate complexes are readily formed in the gastric and intestinal environments. In addition, polyphosphates must be hydrolyzed by an intestinal alkaline phosphatase (27) prior to absorption. We have found polyphosphates to be incompletely (80.5%) hydrolyzed to orthophosphate during the digestive process in young adult males when calcium intake was low only 56% of a 1 g phosphorus supplement was absorbed from a polyphosphate sources as compared to 71% from an orthophosphate source (5). 

An alternative type of condensation synthesis involves the decomposition of organophos-phorus azides. First reported by Haber and coworkers in the 1960s,61 these syntheses follow the pathway shown in reaction (24), in which elimination of nitrogen takes place in solution with the direct formation of either a cyclic phosphazene or a polymer. Matyjaszewski and coworkers62 have used this method to produce the nearly insoluble (NPPh2) , which is difficult to prepare by other approaches, and [NP(Ph)(p-MePh)] which is soluble in aromatic solvents. However, phosphorus azides are potential detonators, and they must be prepared and used in solution and not isolated in the solid state. 

Into a 3-necked spherical flask of 1 L provided with a dropping funnel, a condenser surmounted by a calcium chloride tube and a mechanical stirrer, is introduced a suspension of 17.6 g (0.2 mol) of ethyl urea in 150 ml of anhydrous benzene. There is added through the dropping funnel in 20 minutes a solution of 18.9 g (0.1 mol) a-chlorophenyl-acetyl chloride in 300 ml of benzene. The mixture is left at ambient temperature for 15 minutes and is then heated under reflux on the water bath with stirring for 5 hours. The benzene solution is decanted at elevated temperature in order to separate it from an oil deposited on the bottom of the flask, the benzene is driven off on the water bath, the last traces removed in vacuum, the crystalline residue is triturated in a mortar in about 200 ml of water, and the crystalline solid is separated off and is with water and dried in vacuum over phosphorus pentoxide. There are thus recovered 19.6 g (yield 82%) of l-(2-chloro-2-phenyl-acetyl)-3-ethyl-urea, which when recrystallized from 80 ml of benzene, takes the form of white crystals soluble in benzene but insoluble in water. The product has melting point 146°C. 

White phosphorus (or yellow phosphorus when impure) is formed by condensation of phosphorus vapor. Composed of P4 molecules, it is a soft, waxy, translucent solid, and is soluble in many organic solvents. It oxidizes spontaneously in air, often bursting into flame. It is a strong poison and as little as 50 mg can be fatal to humans. 

Phosphorus vapor condenses at 280.5 C to liquid white phosphorus, which freezes at 44.1 C to solid white phosphorus, a soft, waxy, colorless material, soluble in carbon disulfide benzene, and other nonpolar solvents. Both solid and liquid white phosphorus contain the same P4 molecules as the vapor. 

Condensation of phosphorus vapor by direct contact with a water shower economically provides the efficient heat transfer necessary for condensation and provides the protective water covering to prevent the phosphorus from burning in air. It also places some dissolved (solubility ca. 3 mg/L [23]) and some colloidal phosphorus into the water layer. To prevent loss of this toxic form of phosphorus to surface waters, condensers are normally operated on a total water recycle basis from a lagoon or a holding pond reservoir. 

However, this is not enough to condense all chlorine, which requires a 3 1 ratio of P to Cl atoms to condense all chlorine in chlorapatite. In fact, the total phosphorus abundance is too small to condense all Cl in chlorapatite. The residual chlorine, which is about 60% of total Cl, condenses as halite NaCl (420 K). However, this forms sodalite Na AlSiO Cl (405 K, and again at 315 K), which decomposes back to halite plus nepheline (365 K), over the 405 - 315 K range. Both minerals are found in chondrites. Halite is probably present in many chondrites that contain water-soluble chlorine, even though it is not reported as one of the observed minerals. 

It was, therefore, decided that we would study thermal polymerization of bisdichloromaleimides at 300°C for 30 min. The resulting product was soluble in DMF to a great extent (Table III) with the exception of compound (b). This indicates the absence of thermal polymerization under these conditions. Anaerobic char yields of these thermally treated bisdichloromaleimides depended on their backbone structure a very low value was obtained in compounds (a) and (c) compound (b), which contained phosphorus, was most stable. Condensed phase reactions are influenced by the presence of phosphorus in these polymers. An almost linear relationship is observed between anerobic char yields at 800°C and bridge formula weight of bisdichloromaleimide (Fig. 3). 

Dihydroxyphosphine oxide EINECS 237-066-7 Orthophosphorus Kid Phosphonic acid Phosphorous acid Phosphorus trihydroxide Trihydroxyphosphlne. Interm iate for manu ture of diphosphonic acids and phosphite salts used as pesticides, chelates, and plastic additives restricts color formation in esterification and condensation reactions (In small quantities) chemical reducing agent. Usually marketed as a 20% aqueous solution. White solid mp = 73° dj 1.65 soluble in H2O, EtOH. Albright Wilson Americas Inc. Asira Hassle AB CK Witco Corp. Janssen Chimica Lonzagroup Rasa. 

Phosphorus oxychloride may be used in place of zinc chloride, and this is recommended for cases where the latter has not sufficient condensing action owing to the low solubility of its amine adduct.884 Boron trifluoride etherate was found to be a particularly active catalyst for condensation of 9-fluorenone with aromatic amines.885... 

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