Solubility, chlorine

Chlorination of pulp is usually carried out at fairly low consistency and its function is to convert the residual insoluble lignin in the pulp to compounds which are water or alkali soluble. Chlorine reacts very rapidly with pulp and most of it is consumed within a few minutes. 

The majority of the methods in Table 7.3 use the C-18, 47-mm Empore extraction disk. Three methods though deviate from the C-18 protocols the first is Method 515.2 for chlorinated acids. This method uses the 47-mm SDB disk. The increased capacity of the SDB disk is used to capture the more soluble chlorinated organic acids. 

However, this is not enough to condense all chlorine, which requires a 3 1 ratio of P to Cl atoms to condense all chlorine in chlorapatite. In fact, the total phosphorus abundance is too small to condense all Cl in chlorapatite. The residual chlorine, which is about 60% of total Cl, condenses as halite NaCl (420 K). However, this forms sodalite Na AlSiO Cl (405 K, and again at 315 K), which decomposes back to halite plus nepheline (365 K), over the 405 - 315 K range. Both minerals are found in chondrites. Halite is probably present in many chondrites that contain water-soluble chlorine, even though it is not reported as one of the observed minerals. 

B. Chlorate Formation. The soluble chlorine-based species in the anolyte, leading to the chlorine current inefficiency, are dissolved chlorine, HOCl, OCl, and CIOJ. 

Water Clearly Soluble Ethanol Clearly Soluble Butyl Cellosolve Clearly Soluble Aromatic Hydrocarbons Clearly Soluble Chlorinated Hydrocarbons Clearly Soluble Fluorinated Hydrocarbons Clearly Soluble Mineral Oil Insoluble... 

Since metals are not bioaccumulative and persist as an essential part of the earth s crust, the attempt to classify metals by a scheme designed originally for fat-soluble chlorinated organics such as PCBs and certain pesticides remains controversial. 

Lunde, G. and Ofstad, E.B. 1976. Determination of fat-soluble chlorinated compounds in fish. Z. Anal. Chem. 282 395-399... 

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