Solid-phase microextraction applications

Solid Phase Sorbents. Solid Phase Extraction Formats. Automated Solid Phase Extraction. Solid Phase Microextraction. Applications of SPE and SPME. 

Deibler, K.D., Lavin, E.H., and Acree, T.E. 2002. Solid phase microextraction application in GC/olfactometry dilution analysis. In Analysis of Taste and Aroma (J.F. Jackson and H.F. Lin-skens, eds.) pp. 239-248. Springer, Berlin. 

Grassi, P., J. Novak, H. Steinlesberger, and Ch. Franz, 2004. A direct liquid, non-equilibrium solid-phase microextraction application for analysing chemical variation of single peltate trichomes on leaves of Salvia officinalis. Phytochem. Anal, 15 198-203. 

KD Deibler, TE Acree, EH Lavin. Solid phase microextraction application in gas chromatography/olfactometry dilution analysis. J Agric Food Chem 47 1616-1618, 1999. 

The present state of the art in direct solid sampling methods for gas chromatographic analysis of additives encapsulated in polymers is reviewed. Techniques considered are static and dynamic headspace methods, thermal desorption and solid phase microextraction. Applications for each method are discussed. 54 refs. 

J. Pawliszyn, Applications of Solid Phase Microextraction, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK (1999). 

Several extraction methods for water samples are applicable, such as solvent extraction, SPE using a cartridge and disk and solid-phase microextraction (SPME). 

Applications The potential of a variety of direct solid sampling methods for in-polymer additive analysis by GC has been reviewed and critically evaluated, in particular, static and dynamic headspace, solid-phase microextraction and thermal desorption [33]. It has been reported that many more products were identified after SPME-GC-MS than after DHS-GC-MS [35], Off-line use of an amino SPE cartridge for sample cleanup and enrichment, followed by TLC, has allowed detection of 11 synthetic colours in beverage products at sub-ppm level [36], SFE-TLC was also used for the analysis of a vitamin oil mixture [16]. 

T. de Smaele, L. Moens, R. Dams and P. Sandra, in Applications of Solid Phase Microextraction (J. Pawliszyn, ed.), The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge (1999), pp. 296-310. 

A. F. L. Godoi, L. van Vaeck, R. vanGrieken, Use of solid phase microextraction for the detection of acetic acid by ion trap gas chromatography mass spectrometry and application to indoor levels in museums, J. Chromatogr. A, 1067, 331 336 (2005). 

Treves, K., Shragina, L., Rudich, Y. (2001) Measurement of octanol-air partition coefficients using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) - application to hydroxy alkyl nitrates. Atmos. Environ. 35, 5843-5854. 

Figure l Photograph of diver collecting water samples during early studies on dissolved explosives in simulated ordnance in waters off San Clemente Island. Water is drawn by a pump over a solid phase microextraction fiber (not seen in photo) where explosives are retained and enriched. The SPME fiber was then presented to an IMS analyzer for the determination of explosives. Full application of these methods was made in Halifax Harbor. Source [72]... 

Oxidation, as is well known, leads not only to the formation of heavy compounds but also of volatile compounds that are responsible for off-flavors. Usually they are evaluated by capillary GC, through several sampling techniques are available (purge and trap, head space solid phase microextraction (SPME)). Rovellini et al. [26] recently proposed the application of HPLC for identifying... 

Musteata, R M. and Pawliszyn, J., Bioanalytical applications of solid-phase microextraction, TRAC, 26,36-45, 2007. 

Temsamani, K. R., Ceylan, O., Yates, B. J., Oztemiz, S., Gbatu, T. R, Stalcup, A. M., Mark, H. B., Jr. and Kutner, W., Electrochemically aided solid phase microextraction conducting polymer film material applicable for cationic analytes, /. Solid State Electrochem., 6,494-497 2002. 

Song, J., Fan, L , Beaundry, R.M. (1998) Application of solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry for rapid analysis of flavor volatiles in tomato and strawberry fruits.). Agric. Food Chem. 46 3721-3726. 

SBSE takes advantage of the high enrichment factors of sorptive beds, but with the application range and simplicity of solid-phase microextraction (SPME)... 

Due to the various health risks of different element species, there are a multitude of applications for natural water samples in this field (e.g., Cr and Sb speciation or Br and I determination).19 The investigation of heavy metal complexes with humic substances by isotope dilution SEC-ICP-MS has been described, for example, by McSheehy and Mester.20 Copper, zinc and molybdenum were found to form complexes with similar size fractions of humic substances in seepage water samples from soils. Sturgeon s group proposed the use of solid phase microextraction (SPME)... 

Another relatively new SPE approach originally developed for the analysis of volatile organic compounds in environmental samples is solid-phase microextraction (SPME). This technique has gained acceptance for a wide variety of additional applications for the isolation of organic compounds from aqueous solu-... 

Gruen, I.U., Fernando, L.N., and Mobley, S.Y. 1998. Application of solid phase microextraction to the analysis of warmed over flavor in beef. Presented at Annual Meeting, Institute of Food Technologists, Atlanta, Ga., June 20-24. 

Lopez-Avila et al. [107] showed that microwave-assisted extraction of pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soil is a viable alternative to Soxhlet extraction and needs a smaller sample volume and extraction time [108,109]. These techniques have also been compared in the case of chlorophenols. Lopez-Avila et al. compared microwave-assisted extraction with electron capture gas chromatography to ELISA for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in soils. Both techniques are applicable to field screening and monitoring applications. Microwave-assisted extraction [111, 112] and solid-phase microextraction [113] have been applied to the extraction of pesticides from soil. It was observed by these and other workers [114] that the selectivity of microwave-assisted extraction is highly dependent on the soil composition. 

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