Solid phase extraction system

An automatic solid phase extraction system was developed by Scott and Kucera (3) for the determination of drug metabolites in blood. The system was basically a multi-column switching system utilizing... 

Solid phase extraction systems have a wide range of application whether operated manually or automatically. Wherever materials are present in solution at very low concentrations they offer a means of extraction and concentration that is simple, efficient and fast. 

Gonzales, M., Gallego, M., and Valcarcel, M., Liquid chromatographic determination of natural and synthetic colorants in lyophilized foods using an automatic solid-phase extraction system, J. Agric. Food Chem., 51, 2121, 2003. 

The most common (off-line) sample preparation procedures after protein precipitation are solid phase extraction and liquid-liquid extraction. Multiple vendors and available chemistries utilize 96-well plates for solid phase extraction systems and liquid-liquid extraction procedures. Both extraction process can prepare samples for HPLC/MS/MS assay. Jemal et al.110 compared liquid-liquid extraction in a 96-well plate to semi-automated solid phase extraction in a 96-well plate for a carboxylic acid containing analyte in a human plasma matrix and reported that both clean-up procedures worked well. Yang et al.111 112 described two validated methods for compounds in plasma using semi-automated 96-well plate solid phase extraction procedures. Zimmer et al.113 compared solid phase extraction and liquid-liquid extraction to a turbulent flow chromatography clean-up for two test compounds in plasma all three clean-up approaches led to HPLC/MS/MS assays that met GLP requirements. 

McLoughlin, D.A., Olah, T.V., and Gilbert, J.D. 1997. A direct technique for the simultaneous determination of 10 drug candidates in plasma by liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry interfaced to a Prospekt solid-phase extraction system. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 15 1893. 

Manes J, Font G, Pico Y. 1993. Evaluation of a solid-phase extraction system for determining pesticide residues in milk. J Chromatog 642 195-204. 

Smith, M., G. E. Collins, and J. Wang. Microscale solid-phase extraction system for explosives. J. Chromatogr., A 991, 159-167 (2003). 

A. F. Barbosa, M. G. Segatelli, A. C. Pereira, A. De Santana Santos, L. T. Kubota, P. O. Luccas and C. R. T. Tarley, Solid-phase extraction system for Pb(n) ions enrichment based on multiwall carbon nanotubes coupled on-line to flame atomic absorption spectrometry, Talanta, 71(4), 2007, 1512-1519. 

Izatt, Reed, M., Ion Separations in Membrane and Solid Phase Extraction Systems, 4, 225. 

Anthemidis, A.N. and K.-I.G. Ioannou. 2006. Evaluation of polychlorotrifluoroethylene as sorbent material for on-line solid phase extraction systems Determination of copper and lead by flame atomic absorption spectrometry in water samples. Anal. Chim. Acta 575 126-132. 

Jemere, A.B., Oleschuk, R.D., Ouchen, F., Fajuyigbe, F., Harrison, D.J., An integrated solid-phase extraction system for sub-picomolar detection. Electrophoresis... 

Solid phase extraction systems containing surfaces with dicarboxylic acid termini, (II), were prepared by Bakry [3] and used to extract biomolecules such as viruses, proteins, antigens, and RNA and DNA complexes. A similar extraction system was prepared by Gierde [4] using polyglutarmic acid. 

PURIFICATION OF SOLUTION-PHASE LIBRARY INTERMEDIATES AND FINAL COMPOUNDS LIQUID-LIQUID AND SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION SYSTEMS... 

Ion Separation in Membrane and Solid Phase Extraction Systems... 

Figure 2 Illustration of the solid phase extraction system involving the selective removal of Pb2+ from a matrix typically found in acidic high-level or low-level nuclear waste. Following selective removal of the Pb (Step 2), the column is washed to remove the solution remaining in the dead volume, and the Pb is eluted in highly purified form with a complexing agent such as citrate ion or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)...

Solid phase extraction systems have been suceessfully automated (for example in the ASPEC system, marketed by Gilson). This allows samples to be applied to the cartridge and is linked on-line to the HPLC. An extension of this is the ASTED which combines dialysis with trace enrichment on a solid phase and is automatically coupled to the HPLC. These... 

Hollis BW, Frank NE. Solid phase extraction system for vitamin D and its major metabolites in human plasma. J Chromatogr 1985 343 43-9. 

Carryover limits the performance and usefulness of some solid-phase extraction systems, automated or manual. Some degree of carryover is always present and can be observed if the detection technique is sensitive enough or the analyst looks hard enough. It is, therefore, important that realistic levels of carryover are assessed. If a method will be used to quantify an analyte over 1 to... 

A Kurita, N Kaneda. HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of the camptothetin derivative irinotecan hydrochloride, CPT-11, and its metabolites SN-38 and SN-38 glucuronide in rat plasma with a fully automated on-line solid-phase extraction system. J Chromatogr 724 335—344,1999. 

Automated On-Line Solid-Phase Extraction System, J. Liquid Chrom. Rel. 

Figure 10.5. PROSPEKT automated solid-phase extraction system. (Photograph published with the permission of Spark Holland and Jones Chromatography.)...

The use of chelate complexes with PAR and derivative spectrophotometry allows selective determination of Ni in mixture with Co and Cu [2]. Flow-injection spectrophotometry and PAR were used to determine Ni in silicates and alloys [3]. The detection limits of 77 ng ml was achieved. An online solid-phase extraction system with polyurethane foam was used for separation of Ni from interfering metals (Fe, Cu, Zn and Co). Online analysis of Ni and Cu in industrial effluents using the complexes with PAR has been described [4]. 

A.N. Anthemidis, G.A. Zachariadis, J.A. Stratis, On-line solid phase extraction system using PTFE packed column for the flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of copper in water samples, Talanta 54 (2001) 935. 

Solid-phase extraction systems have been designed in a 96-well microtiter plate format, so they can be processed automatically. Single-block plates with 96 wells contain either packed beds or disks of sorbent particles, in an 8-row X... 

The use of solid phase extraction systems for the purification of lAA and other indoles has been discussed in some detail [5]. In addition, Chen et al. [54] have described the application of extracts in isopropanol-imadozole buffer to an aminopropyl cartridge, which functions as a weak anion-exchanger. LAA is retained and is recovered by elution with 2% acetic acid in methanol. 

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