Process View

Polaroid introduced Polavision, a Super-8-mm instant motion picture system, in 1977 (97). Polachrome CS 35-mm sHde film followed in 1982 (98), and a high contrast version, Polachrome HCP, appeared in 1987. Each of the films comprises a very fine additive color screen and an integral silver image transfer film. The Polavision system, which included a movie camera and a player that processed the exposed film and projected the movie, is no longer on the market. The Polavision film was provided in a sealed cassette, and the film was exposed, processed, viewed, and rewound for further viewing without leaving the cassette (97). 

Some equipment code systems number all items on first process flowsheet with 100 series, as C-101, C-102, P-106 to represent compressors number 101 and 102 in different services and pump 106 as the sixth pump on the sheet. The second sheet uses the 200 series, etc. This has some engineering convenience but is not always clear from the process view. 

Due to the high content of SS and FOG, pretreatment is always necessary for the food industry. It can decrease contaminant loading for subsequent biological and/or chemical treatment processes as well as protect process equipment. In addition, pretreatment is economical in the total process view as it is not as expensive as biological and chemical treatment. 

FIGURE 20.1. The pharmaceutical development process, viewed as four stages (discovery, preclinical development, clinical development, and NDA review) as well as the important post-market surveillance phase. 

Tom is the owner of a small manufacturing company himself He spent a portion of the interview describing his company s recent efforts to reduce waste and increase recycling in production processes, viewing this effort as integral to the company s financial success. Tom s statements reflect an increasingly prevalent view that a successful business enterprise would by default also protect the environment. In this way, responsibility for the fate of lawn chemicals is tied to the manufacturer rather than the user, or perhaps more directly, to the free market economy. Environmentally unsound businesses cannot thrive or even exist in a complex and efficient economy. 

Applications in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Radiopharmacy extraction process. Viewed in these terms it may be better to describe this process as synergic... 

Figure 5.12 Lonza c-SSP with combined microreactor and conventional technologies (static mixers), process view (top) and service view (bottom) (by courtesy of PharmaChem/B5Srl) [44],...

In the rate-process view of conduction that has just been presented, it has been assumed that the concentration is the same throughout the electrolyte. Suppose, however, that there is a concentration gradient of a particular ionic species, say, positively charged radiotracer ions. Further, let the concentration vary continuously in the x direction (see Fig. 4.73), so that if the concentration of positive ions at x on the left of the barrier is (c ), the concentration on the right (i.e., atx -i- 1) is given by... 

Shortening is a classic example of a plastic solid. In fact, from a process view, shortening can be defined as a highly functional plastic solid commercially... 

To map loaded simulator data, click the map button on the toolbar (which maps all items) or right-click on an area or plant item in the process view window (which... 

Fig. 4 Schematic depiction of the protein refolding process. (View this art in color at www.dekker.com.)...

Our approach to interorganizational cooperation in development processes builds on the definition of dynamic process views onto development processes as its foundation [175-177]. Dynamic process views support better visibility management for process elements carried out within an organization. 

A dynamic process view is defined for a process instance (i.e. a dynamic task net) with its products and resources and it resembles a subconfiguration of the process instance. A process view constitutes a certain cut-out of its underlying process with products and resources which should be made visible to external parties. 

A process view basically contains the following elements. ... 

A subgraph of a dynamic task net (partial abstraction) This subgraph represents a fragment of a dynamic task net which is structurally and behaviorally consistent with respect to the process meta-model of DYNAMITE [243]. Zero or more tasks can be part of the process view and not all of a task s parameters need to be in the process view. Only a subset of the existing flow relationships between tasks needs to be represented in the process view. 

A view product workspace maintaining all view-related products and product versions which are contained in the underlying process and should be visible within the process view. 

Aview resource space which contains all view-related resources, i.e., all abstract or concrete resources of the underlying process which should be made visible within the process view. 

View definition rules A set of rules defines which elements of the underlying private process are also part of the process view. For instance, some specific model elements (i.e. tasks, products, resources, or flow relationships) can be assigned to the view, or all model elements of a specific type can be chosen instead. 

The process view concept is illustrated by an example in Fig. 3.87. The top part of the figure shows a part of the Polyamide-6 process (used throughout the entire subsection) as it is seen from the perspective of the Chemical Company. In the middle part of Fig. 3.87, a process view definition named Re-actionSimulationTasks for this process is shown which contains two simulation tasks Simulate CSTR and Simulate PFR with their input and output parameters from the overall process, while the control flow between both tasks is not included in the process view. 

Process views can be used to provide different perspective. of the under-... 

Process view definitions are published by one organization (publisher) and they can subsequently be subscribed by other organizations (subscribers). The application of a view definition to a process results in a view instance containing all process elements which are visible according to the (automatic) evaluation of the view definition rules of the subscribed process view. The subgraph, view workspace, and view resource set of a process view exactly contain all process elements which are determined by the view definitions rule set. 

Process view instances change, either when the underlying private process or when their corresponding view definition are modified. Therefore, view instances are re-evaluated whenever the underlying processes or the view definitions are changed, in order to update the contents of the process view. For example, the lower part of Fig. 3.87 shows the private process of the Plastics Engineering Company with the embedded view instance of View 1. 

Private processes contain local as well as remote tasks embedded from other organizations within process views. The embedded view elements (here tasks Simulate CSTR and Simulate PFR) can be interconnected with tasks of the private process where the view is embedded by control flows, feedback flows or data flows to establish inter-process cooperation. This provides the basis for interorganizational cooperation as explained in the following paragraph. 

We are now in the situation to introduce our interorganizational cooperation model which is based on dynamic process views [175-177]. The model is described according to three layers which are located on top of each other starting at the bottom of the layer stack (Fig. 3.88) ... 

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