Soil leachate

Similar results were reported in deforested Amazonian rainforests (66). Within three years following forest clearing and burning, nutrient concentrations of soil leachates had returned to levels typical of primary forests of the area. A combination of high rates of immobilization and storage by successional vegetation, coupled with a decline in easily decomposable substrates, was attributed to the reduction in leaching losses. 

El Beit lOD, Cotton DE, Wheelock V. 1983. Persistence of pesticides in soil leachates Effect of pH, ultraviolet irradiation and temperature. Int J Environ Stud 21 251 -259. 

Soil leachates were analyzed for ametryn, prometryn, and terbuthylazine using 85-pm polyacrylate and 100-pm PDMS SPME fibers.The results obtained... 

Dissolved organic matter can be thought of, for simplicity, as soluble organic matter present in soil solution. However, although some workers have measured dissolved organic matter in soil leachates or extracted soil solutions, many use the extract from a 1 2 w/v soil/water extraction... 

Table 8. (Table 7 BBodSchV) Determination of the concentration of organic pollutants inthe soil leachate.

Zeolite (clinoptilolite) treated with hex-adecyltrimethy-lammonium bromide Synthetic soil leachates spiked with arsenic 25 12.5 As(V)... 

Ross et al. [6] analysed samples of soil leachates from laboratory columns and of soil pore water from field porous cup lysimeters for aluminium by atomic absorption spectrometry under two sets of instrumental conditions. Method 1 employed uncoated graphite tubes and wall atomisation method 2 employed a graphite furnace with a pyrolytically coated platform and tubes. Aluminium standards were prepared and calibration curves used for the colorimetric quantification of aluminium. Method 1 gave results which compared favourably with method 2 in terms of both sensitivity and interference reduction for samples containing 1-15 uM aluminium. 

Mitrovic et al. [7] and Kozuh et al. [8] have carried out aluminium spe-ciation studies on soil extracts. Various workers [9-11] have discussed the determination of aluminium in soils. Using isotachoelectrophoresis, Schmidt and coworkers [12] were able to differentiate aluminium(III) and aluminium species in soil leachates. 

Researchers have also used immunoassay techniques for analysis of triazines in soil leachate. Tasli et al. (1996), for example, analyzed soil water from an irrigated com plot by immunoassay and GC/NPD. Amistadi et al. (1997) analyzed leachate collected from different tillage systems for atrazine by EIA and GC/NPD. Guillard et al. (1999) used an EIA to compare the concentration of atrazine in leachate from plots receiving band or broadcast applications. 

Feng, J.C., S.S. Sidhu, C.C. Feng, and V. Servant (1989). Hexazinone residues and dissipation in soil leachates. J. Environ. Sci. Health. Part B. Pestic. Food Contam. Agric. Wastes, 24 131-143. 

Chapman, RJ., Edwards, A.C. and Shand, C.A. (1997) The phosphorus composition of soil solutions and soil leachates influence of soil solution ratio. Eur. J. Soil Sci., 48, 703-710. 

Riekerk, H. and Zasoski, R.J., Effects of dewatered sludge applications to a Douglas fir forest soil on the soil, leachate, and groundwater composition, in Utilization of Municipal Sewage Effluent and Sludge on Forest and Disturbed Land, Sopper, W.E. and Kerr, S.N., Eds., Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, 1979, p. 35. 

The system demonstrated the usability of MF [28,84—86] for the treatment of soil leachate and removal of radionuclides from ground water. The radioactivity of Sr was reduced from 1700-3900 to 2 Bq/L... 

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME), e.g., for the determination of carbamate and triazine pesticides from water, soil leachates, and slurries [85-87]. 

Figure 3.1.8(d) Sample D (soil leachate) z-scores for participating laboratories... 

Humic and fulvic acids are presumed to arise by two classical natural processes. Terrestrial humates are found in the following pathway plants soil humates peat — coal. Aquatic humates start with soil leachates or marine phytoplankton and go through a sequence sediments kerogen petroleum. There are conditions which mix the two processes as well. As a result, there are a host of names and symbols applied to these compounds, such as peat humic acid, coal fulvic acid, soil humic acid, and so on. Depending on their oxidation state, they may be heavily bound to metal ions. Within each class of humic acid, there are subclassifications, such as Podzol Bj, humic acid, lignite fulvic acid. Other types are classified by geological age, depth in a sediment, and type of aquatic environment. The following discussion will attempt to relate elemental composition to these broad classes of humates. 

The SLillide produced from sulfate reduction plays a major role in metal sul-lide immobilization in sediments but has also been applied to bioremediation of metals in waters and soil leachates. One process used sulfur- and iron-oxidizing bacteria to liberate metals from soils in the form of an acidic sulfate solution that enabled almost all the metals to be removed by bacterial sulfate reduction (White et al., 1998). Large-scale bioreactors have in fact been developed using bacterial sulfate reduction for treating metal-contaminated waters (Barnes et al., 1992 Gadd, 1992b). 

White, C., and Gadd, G. M. (1997). An internal sedimentation bioreactor for laboratory-scale removal of toxic metals from soil leachates using biogenic sulphide precipitation. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 18, 414-421. 

Lamy, L, Gambier, P., and Bourgeois, B. (1994). Lead and cadmium complexation with soluble organic carbon and speciation in alkaline soil leachates. Environ. Geochem. Health 16, 1-16. 

Sposito, G., Page, A. L., and Frink, M. E. (1980). Effects of Acid Precipitation on Soil Leachate Quality Computer Calculations, Environmental Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR. 

Schnitzer, M. and J. G. Desjardins (1969). Chemical characteristics of a natural soil leachate from a humic podzol. Can. ]. Soil Sci. 49,151-158. 

Phenol Waters, soil leachates Amberlite XAD-4 absorbent (pH 2) UV—Vis 0.2 ng mL-1 Flow injection system mini-column in the sampling loop combination with LLE for improved sensitivity [506]... 

Z.-L. Zhi, A. Rios, M. Valcarcel, Continuous-flow method for the determination of phenols at low levels in water and soil leachates using solid-phase extraction for simultaneous preconcentration and separation, Analyst 121 (1996) 1. 

Soil Leachate Rainfall infiltration rate through affected surface soil zone. Develop site-specific value using i) model estimate or ii) field measurement. 

Zambonin, C. G. and Palmisano, F., Determination of triazines in soil leachates by solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 874, 247-255, 2000. 

Surface water Surface and groundwater Soil leachates River water... 

Keller (1997) identified in soil leachates mobile particles not only of clay minerals and iron oxides but also scales of some prosits. The author suggested that it might be worth investigating prosits in soil solutions as pollution indicators. 

Figure 2.2. Comparison of ion activity products with the solubility product of wulfenite (lead molybdate) in soil solutions from Laramie Basin, Wyoming. [Reprinted from Applied Geochemistry Supplement), vol. 2, K. J. Reddy and S. P. Gloss Geochemical speciation as related to the mobility of F, Mo and Se in soil leachates, pp. 159-63. Copyright 1993, with kind permission from Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington 0X5 1GB, United Kingdom.]...

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