Sulfate reduction bacterial

Fig. 5-4 The rate of bacterial sulfate reduction as a function of sulfate concentration. (Adapted from Berner (1984) with the permission of Pergamon Press.)...

Belle Glade Carbonate Hot acid Organic plant wastes Neutralization Bacterial sulfate reduction Methane production... 

Reaction in the simulation begins slowly, but proceeds more rapidly as biomass accumulates, reflecting the reaction s autocatalytic nature. The reaction rate continues to increase until most of the acetate is consumed, at which point it slows abruptly to a near stop. In the simulation, dissolved ferrous iron is present in excess amount. The bisulfide produced as a result of bacterial sulfate reduction reacts with the iron,... 

Fig. 18.2. Results of modeling at 25 °C bacterial sulfate reduction using acetate as the electron donor, according to a thermodynamically consistent form of the Monod equation. Labels identify values and line slopes after seven days of reaction.

Kirk, M.F., T.R. Holm, J. Park, Q. Jin, R. A. Sanford, B.W. Fouke and C. M. Bethke, 2004, Bacterial sulfate reduction limits natural arsenic contamination of groundwater. Geology 32,953-956. 

The ground water from well 6 (site 1) yielded both the most depleted S13C and most enriched 834S. Isotopic compositions of this dual nature are consistent with methanogenesis and bacterial sulfate reduction, arising form interaction with organic-rich (bog) soils from below. 

Bruchert V, Knoblauch C, Jorgensen BB (2001) Controls on stable sulfur isotope fractionation during bacterial sulfate reduction in Arctic sediments. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 65 763-776 Bryan BA, Shearer G, Skeeters JL, Kohl DH (1983) Variable expression of the nitrogen isotope effect associated with denitrification of nitrate. J Biol Chem 258 8613-8617 Canfield DE (2001) Biogeochemistry of sulfur isotopes. Rev Mineral Geochem 43 607-636 Chau YK, Riley JP (1965) The determination of selenium in sea water, silicates, and marine organisms. Anal Chim Acta 33 36-49... 

Habicht KS, Canfield DE (1997) Sulfur isotope fractionation during bacterial sulfate reduction in organic-rich sediments. Geochim CosmochimActa61(24) 5351-5361 Habicht KS, Gade M, Thamdrup B, Berg P, Canfield DE (2002) Calibration of sulfate levels in the Archean ocean. Science 298 2372-2374... 

A clear avenue of future research is to explore the S-Fe redox couple in biologic systems. Bacterial sulfate reduction and DIR may be spatially decoupled, dependent upon the distribution of poorly crystalline ferric hydroxides and sulfate (e.g., Canfield et al. 1993 Thamdrup and Canfield 1996), or may be closely associated in low-suUate environments. Production of FIjS from bacterial sulfate reduction may quickly react with Fefll) to form iron sulfides (e.g., Sorensen and Jeorgensen 1987 Thamdrup et al. 1994). In addition to these reactions, Fe(III) reduchon may be coupled to oxidation of reduced S (e.g., Thamdrup and Canfield 1996), where the net result is that S and Fe may be cycled extensively before they find themselves in the inventory of sedimentary rocks (e.g., Canfield et al. 1993). Investigation of both S and Fe isotope fractionations produced during biochemical cycling of these elements will be an important future avenue of research that will bear on our understanding of the isotopic variations of these elements in both modem and ancient environments. 

To summarize, bacterial sulfate reduction is characterized by large and heterogeneous " S-depletions over very small spatial scales, whereas thermogenic sulfate reduction leads to smaller and more homogeneous " S-depletions. 

Bacterial sulfate reduction is accomplished by the oxidation of organic matter ... 

Rudnicki MD, Elderfield H, Spiro B (2001) Fractionation of sulfur isotopes during bacterial sulfate reduction in deep ocean sediments at elevated temperatures. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 65 777-789... 

Westrich, J. T., and R. A. Berner. 1984. The role of sedimentary organic matter in bacterial sulfate reduction The G model tested. Limnology and Oceanography 29 236—249. 

Not all measures of salinity convey the same degree of salinity. For example, compare Orca Basin, the Great Salt Lake, the Dead Sea, and Basque Lake (Table 5.1). All four of these waters contain about the same salinity % [25.1-26.4% salt (wt/wt)]. Note, however, that Basque Lake has a much more favorable (for life) aw (0.919) compared with Orca Basin (0.774), Great Salt Lake (0.776), and, especially, the Dead Sea (0.690). The impact of salts on life depends on the anions and cations and their charges and molecular weight. Bacterial sulfate reduction occurs with salt concentrations up to 24% (Oren 1988), but chloride salt solutions at such concentrations deals much more harshly with life. Only the most halophilic organisms can live in the Dead Sea (Table 4.2). The Dead Sea was called dead because it was only in 1936 that life forms (e.g., bacteria, algae, yeast) were first isolated from this hypersaline water (Ventosa et al. 1999). 

Environmental conditions are usually considered to be the main factors controlling for sulfur content of sedimentary organic matter (1). The favourable sedimentary conditions proposed for incorporation of sulfur into organic matter include organic matter richness, anaerobic conditions, and iron depleted environments. Under anaerobic conditions, if sulfate is available, bacterial sulfate-reduction is promoted and the resulting inorganic sulfur species are able to react with and become incorporated into organic matter. 

Birnbaum S.J. and Wireman J.W. (1984) Bacterial sulfate reduction and pH Implications for early diagenesis. Chem. Geol. 43, 143-149. 

Schidlowski M. (1979) Antiquity and evolutionary status of bacterial sulfate reduction Sulfur isotope evidence. Origins of Life 9, 299-331. 

Boudreau, B.P., and Westrich, J.T. (1984) The dependence of bacterial sulfate reduction on sulfate concentration in marine sediments. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 48, 2503-2516. 

J0rgensen, B.B. (1978) A comparison of methods for the quantification of bacterial sulfate reduction in coastal marine sediments. 1. Measurements with radiotracer techniques. Geomicrobiol. J. 1, 11-27. 

Nedwell, D.B., and Abram, J.W. (1979) Relative influence of temperature and electron donor and electron acceptor concentrations on bacterial sulfate reduction in saltmarsh sediment. Microbial. Ecol. 5, 67-72. 

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