Soil enrichment

R. B. Jackson, J. H. Manwaring, M. M. Caldwell, Rapid physiological adju.stment of roots to localized soil enrichment. Nature 344 58 (1990). 

James B.R. Hexavalent chromium solubility and reduction in alkaline soils enriched with chromite ore processing residue. J Environ Qual 1994 23 227-233. 

Rajagopal, B.S., Chendrayan, K., Reddy, B.R., and Sethunathan, N. Persistence of carbatyl in flooded soils and its degradation by soil enrichment cultures. Plant Soil, 73(l) 35-45,1983. 

Rajagopal, B.S., Panda, S., and Sethunathan, N. Accelerated degradation of carbatyl and carbofuran in a flooded soil pretreated with hydrolysis products, 1-naphthol and carbofuran phenol. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol, 36(6) 827-832, 1986. Rajagopal, B.S., Rao, V.R., Nagendrappa, G., and Sethunathan, N. Metabolismof carbatyl and carbofuran by soil-enrichment and bacterial cultures. Can. J. Microbiol, 30(12) 1458-1466, 1984a. 

Ramanand, K., Panda, S., Sharmila, M., Adhya, T.K., and Sethunathan, N. Development and acclimatization of carbofuran-degrading soil enrichment cultures at different temperatures, J. Agric. Food Chem., 36(l) 200-205, 1988. 

Figure 3. Autoradiographic detection of naphthalene degradative bacterial colonies from MGP soil enrichments used as inoculum for continuous stirred soil slurry bioreactors.

In fact, the amount of ethanol that could be obtained from biomass in this way would be sufficient to replace all the gasoline now used. The disadvantage is that the biomass would then not be available for soil enrichment. 

Cover crops, which include legumes and cereals, are grown specifically to protect the soil from erosion, enhance soil fertility, and suppress pests, including weeds (Lai et al., 1991). Cover crops are often grown not for harvest, but for soil enrichment. In some cases, a rye cover crop is harvested as forage, which provides additional feed for livestock producers (Curran et al., 1994b). Many different cover crops are used, but the most extensively used is winter or annual rye (Johnson et al., 1993). 

That microorganisms can reduce the observed phytotoxic effects of phenolic acids has been observed by a number of researchers.3,7 8 33 37 38 39 41,45 I am, however, not aware of any study that has attempted to quantify how changes in bulk-soil bacteria might influence the phytotoxicity of phenolic acids. I am aware of only one study that has attempted to quantify how changes in rhizosphere microbial populations may influence the phytotoxicity of phenolic acids. Blum et al.9 observed that a 500% increase of phenolic acid utilizing bacteria in the rhizosphere of cucumber seedlings growing in Cecil A-horizon soil enriched with an equimolar mixture of 0.6 pmol/g p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and... 

Bone meal is ground up or crushed animal bone. It is put into fertilizer, soil enrichments, and dietary supplements as a source of calcium and phosphorus. 

For centuries lupine has been used by Andean for several purposes like soil enrichment and as a food crop. 

Rocks and soils enriched in bioavailable calcium carbonate (limestone, caliche, etc.). Hard waters, waters affected by acid-rock drainage. Cement, concrete, fly ash, many other industrial/ commercial materials or by-products. 

Blueberries require full sun and well-drained. moisture-retentive, acidic soil with a rH of 4.0-5.0. Of the 3 species, highbush blueberries are the most finicky about soil. Blueberries generally grow well in soil enriched with acidic organic material, such as peat moss, composted pine needles or oak leaves, or compost made from pine, oak, or hemlock bark. Fertilize with acidic fertilizers, such as cottonseed meal or soybean meal. Blueberries enjoy a thick, organic mulch. 

Witch hazels are alternate-leaved shrubs i th narrow-petaled, twisted, yellow or cop- er flowers appearing either in iate fall or jite winter. They flourish in well-drained but "oisture-retentive soils, enriched with lots of Tiianic matter. 

Set out in spring as balled-and-burlapped plants. Magnolias grow well in full sun or light shade. They prefer moist soil enriched with organic matter. 

Plant in spring or fall in full sun with neutral or slightly alkaline soil enriched with ample organic matter. Prune and deadhead them immediately after blooming. Lilacs are available either on their own roots or grafted onto privet roots the former are much preferred. Cut back to the ground any suckers that form. 

The value of wood ashes for soil enrichment is mentioned in the Bible and by the early Greek and Roman writers. Farmers were advised to bum vines and stubble on the spot and the plow in the ashes to enrich the soil. Potassium nitrate is also referred to in the Bible in the Book of Luke and by early Greek and Roman writers as being useful for the fertilization of crops. 

In the lower terraces of the Amazon river the development of soils enriched in silicon species have been monitored during the 1960 s and 1970 s. Similar soils have been... 

Savanna ecosystems contain niobium 11 times, beryllium and molybdenum 6 times, and titanium and zirconium 4 times as high as compared to the respective crustal concentrations (darks) of these metals. In the Ugandan soils, the chromium content is 7 times higher than dark value and that of copper, 5 times. Such a large difference in soil enrichment of trace metals is related to their different input into biogeochernical cycles of corresponding ecosystems. 

While the estimate of the latter needs information on factors such as surface soil enrichment of metal erosion rates, the former can be estimated roughly from the monitoring data. 

In another study, Kokalis-Burelle (2001) reported that chitin contributes significantly to soil enrichment. It was found that chitin could control plant... 

VITO-consortium Contaminated soil enrichment MTBE, TBA, BTEX [17]... 

Kellman, M. (1979). Soil enrichment by neotropical savanna trees. /. Ecol. 67,565-577. 

Iodine has not been shown to be essential to plants, and stimulatory effects on plant growth at low levels have not been reported. Mengel and Kirkby (1978) reported that a stimulatory effect of iodine was observed at 100 pg I L in nutrient solutions, whereas toxic effects in plants occurred at an iodine concentration of 500-1000 pg L b As the toxic concentration is higher than the soluble iodine content of soils, iodine toxicity is rare in plants under natural field conditions. However, a physiological disease of rice plants named Akagare has been reported (Yuita 1979), induced by excessive absorption of iodine from soil enriched with easily soluble iodine when land was converted for submerged paddy fields (Kabata-Pendias and Pendias 1992). 

Vegetables grow best in a light, open spot in well-drained soil enriched with plenty of organic matter, and with a pH (this measures the acidity of a soil) of around 6.5. A few vegetables, such as beet, kale, spinach, and radish can cope with light shade, but most crops need at least six hours of full light a day. 

NATURAL HABITAT Naturally found in horse and cow pastures, in dung or in soil enriched with manure. Psilocybe cubensis is a widely distributed species that is found Throughout tropical and subtropical zones of the world and is common in the pasturelands of the gulf coast of the southern United States and eastern Mexico. 

Weng CH, Huang CP. (2004). Preliminary stndy on treatment of soil enriched in COPR by electrokinetics. Practice Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Management 8(2) 67-72. 

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