Softening finishes silicone

Depending on their method of synthesis, silicone softeners can contain variable amounts of volatile siloxane oligomers. Together with volatile emulsifiers these oligomers can cause pollution problems in the waste air from tenter frames." In textile finishing, silicones are also used as water repellents, elastomeric finishes, coatings and as defoamers. 

Non-slip finishes are mostly applied by the pad-dry process, combined as needed with hand builders, repellents or cellulose crosslinkers (easy-care finish). The combination of silicic acid sols with softeners or silicone-based water repellents is crucial - their effects are contrasting. 

Finishing Silicone stains (often darker, from softening, stretch or hydrophobic finishes and antifoaming agents) Softeners, hydrophobic agents, flame retardants and other finishing agents which have precipitated due to faulty treatment conditions, usually colourless and uncommon... 

MY Silicone. [Yoshimura Oil Chent] Silicone-based surfactants softener, finishing dl for textiles. 

Some effects are similar or assist each other, for example silicone elastomers cause water repellency, softeners bring about antistatic effects and antistatic finishes can be softening. 

Deeper colour, darker black Finishes with silicone softeners or elastomerics... 

Textile chemical auxiliary suppliers will provide suggested recipes in their product information. These recipes will contain recommendations for the appropriate catalyst and other additives that improve the performance characteristics of the easy-care and dnrable press finishes, such as softeners to improve the fabric handle and prodncts to improve tear strength (for example polyvinyl acetate, amino-modified or epoxy-functional silicones). Less decrease in degree of polymerisation (DP) rating and abrasion resistance is provided by adding water-based poly-nrethane emulsions of self crosslinking silicone elastomers. 

Repellent finishes are usually compatible with easy-care and durable press finishes and many softeners. However, most silicone products interfere with the oil repellency of fluorocarbon finishes and should generally be avoided in an oil-repellent formulation. This is a remarkable contrast to the incorporation of silicone segments in the backbone chain of fluoropolymers, which generates a special soft handle. 

Permanent antistatic fmishes, based on crosshnked polyamines and polyglycols, need an alkaline catalyst. Therefore the one-bath combination with finishes, which need acid catalysis, is difficult but not impossible. Examples of acid-catalysed fmishes are the easy-care and durable press fmishes, durable hydrophylic silicone softeners and elastomeric finishes, also fluorocarbon-based repellency and some flame-retardant finishes. High finish effects result from a two-bath application with of the easy-care finish first followed by the surface-related antistatic finish. 

Replaces silicone softeners to reduce finishing costs. 

SOFTENER 2945 is a silicone-based softener or lubricant which is useful in fabric finishing to give softer hand, higher tear strength and better sewing properties. It may be used on all types of fibers. 

Silicone elastomer softener which, when used with HYDROCAT SE-47 (catalyst), imparts a soft, full-bodied, resilient finish. Enhances stretch recovery. Durable to both laundering and dry cleaning. 

A nonsilicone softener/napping assistant, providing a soft, silky "silicone-type" hand. Applied by either pad or foam finishing methods, HYDROSOFT 31NS is useful on synthetic and natural fibers and blends. 

POMOLUBE RES is a silicone based softener which can be used as a top finish or as a component of a dimensional control resin system. When used as a top finish, the addition of a small amount of catalyst (POMOCURE DRZ) will greatly increase the durability of the softness when used with a resin, the catalyst used for tht resin will also act as a catalyst for POMOLUBE RES and increase the durability in the same manner. 

Because of the specific hand effects resulting from the use of silicone fluid emulsions, silicones find a wide range of application as softening agents in textile finishing. Application is almost exclusively from the aqueous phase. 

In many instances silicone softening agents are also used in durable press finish formulations in combination with crease-resistant resins and than are distinguished by a substantial improvement in the mechanical properties of the textiles in addition to the softer handle. 

Summary A structure concept for durable hydrophilic silicone softeners is outlined. ABC-triblock copolymers forming polyloop polyquatemary structures were found to be very substantive on cotton fibers. A study on the adsorption kinetics suggests a two-step process (1) rapid coverage of the fiber surface, and (2) slow diffusion/spreading into the interior of the fiber. Washing experiments and subsequent evaluations of the soft hand prove the durability of the finish. XPS data indicate that after five washing cycles 60 to 70% of the new durable hydrophilic softeners remain on the fibers. For nondurable hydrophilic softeners a maximum substantive portion ranging from 20 to 40% was determined. 

Aminosilicone softeners are widely used for textile finishing purposes. The superior soft hand of these silicone finishes is based on the unique flexibility of the Si-O-Si bond system. A major disadvantage of conventional aminosilicone finishes is the pronounced hydrophobic character. The textile s ability to adsorb water and sweat is considerably reduced. 

This durability of the new silicone softeners on cotton fibers has been quantified by means of XPS immediately after file finishing process and after repeated washing cycles in file presence of anionic detergents (Scheme 3). 

Silicone-Based Copolymers for Textile Finishing Purposes 721 durable hydrophilic softeners (Table 2) and the ecological consequences. 

Two immediate conclusions can be drawn fix)m the data in Table 2. The application of durable hydrophilic softeners reduces the silicone concentration in wastewaters considerably. Further, a broad implementation of durable hydrophilic silicone finishes makes the use of ecologically critical rinse additives largely redundant. 

Bozemine. [Hoechst AG] Polyethylene or silicone derivs. softener for cellulo-sic and synthetic fibers inqnoves abrasion resistance and tee streigth in resin-finished fabrics. 

Reactosfl. [Ivax Industries] Silicones ftextile finishing, softening, antislip, lubrication. 

Sil>Fin. igh Point] Silicone emulsions cr elastomers band modifier, softener, water iq)ellent finish for textiles. 

Giv-Gard DXN . [Givaudan-Rouie] 6-Acetoxy-2,4-dimethyl-ni-dioxane antimicrobial, bactericide, fungicide for industrial emulsions, fiber lubricants, spin finishes, sizes, softeners, wax and silicone emulsions, thickener sol ns., latex binders, inks, dyestuffs. 

Silsoft. [Chemonic Industries] Silicone softeners for fabric finishing. 

Also polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) emulsions and micro-emulsions are well known as conditioners in textile finishing imparting softness, dimensional stability and wrinkle and stretch recovery. When combined with quats and esterquats they improve the water absorbency of softened cotton fabric. Long-chain PDMS with amino- or amido-functional side groups anchor the silicone to the fibre by way of attractive electrostatic forces. Interfibre friction is reduced in this way, producing a distinct and substantive softener effect. ... 

Uses Surfactant, o/w emulsifier, thickener, pigment grinding aid in hair, skin, and makeup prods., household polishes, cleaners, silicone-based lubricants emulsifier, lubricant, and softener for textile processing oils and finishes component of diamond abrasive pastes antigel agent in starch sol ns. for paper industry internal antistat for PS Properties Wh. soft solid sol. in methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, toluol, naphtha, min. and veg. oils disp. in water sp.gr. 1.0 m.p. 30 C min. HLB 11 acid no. 3 max. sapon. no. 83-94 pH 5 (5% aq.) nonionic 100% cone. 

Chem. Descrip. Aq. emulsion of a high-visc. silicone polymer Uses Cures to a durable, detergent-resistant film for mold release, particle treatment, textile finishes, fabric softener, hand modifier, vinyl and auto polish applies, (requires catalyst) resin extender Properties Wh. emulsion water-disp. dens. 8.30 Ib/gal vise. 10,000 cst ... 

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