Sodium polyvinyl sulfate

In the experiments of Merle, the pH, pNa, and Vp of car.boxymethyl-dextran were measured as a function of a during titration with standard NaOH in the presence of sodium polyvinyl sulfate. We can therefore substitute Na for M in Equation 15. In addition, the U/RT (0.4343) term is small enough in this system to neglect so that the following equation should adequately describe the potentiometric data. 

On the basis of the observed results there is no question that the fundamental interpretation of the left-hand side of Equation 1 is expressed correctly in Equation 19. The discrepancy between our results and those of Merle has to be a consequence of the greater accuracy of the ge volume and potentiometric measurements performed in this research. Merle did not correct for the volume of solution contained between gel beads nor did he calibrate his glass electrode in the presence of the fully dissociated sodium polyvinyl sulfate medium that he used. 

When nanoparticles are to be prepared by irradiation, the stabilizer must be selected in such a way that it does not reduce the ions before irradiation. Polymers, such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (Fisa et al. 2011), polyvinyl pyrolidone (PVP) (Gasaymeh et al. 2011), sodium polyvinyl sulfate (PVS), polyacrylamide (PAM) (Zhu 1998), poly Af-methylacrylamide (PNMAM), polyethyleneimine, and surfactants such as sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) (Joshi etal. 1998), do not affect the electronic state of the ions but fulfill the conditions for stabilization. 

Manning (1969) showed that when f < 1 then F= V2 (1 — V2 ) whereas if > 1 then r= l/4f. He compared these expectations with experimental data available to him for a variety of polyelectrolytes sodium polyvinyl sulfate and sodium polyacrylate (of various degrees of neutralization a) and potassium polyphosphate and DNA, having values ranging from 0.29 to 4.20, with good results. Also the expectations for the osmotic coefficients of the sodium polyacrylate and polymethacrylate were well vindicated. 

Note PEO = polyethylene oxide PVA = polyvinyl alcohol SDS = sodium dodecyl sulfate CTAB = cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide. 

Deionized water (720 g), sodium lauryl sulfate (4.3 g), dioctanoyl peroxide (40 g), and acetone (133 g) were emulsified using an ultrasonic probe for 10 minutes. The step 1 polystyrene seed (48.0 g seed, 578 g latex) was added to the emulsion together with lauryl sulfate (0.8 g) and acetone (29.6 g). The mixture was transferred to a flask and left to agitate at approximately 25°C for 48 hours. Acetone was then removed and the solution added to a 5-liter double-walled glass reactor. The temperature was increased to 40°C while styrene (336 g) and divinyl benzene (0.88 g) were added drop-wise over approximately 60 minutes. After 4 hours the mixture was treated with deionized water (1200 g), potassium iodide (1.28 g), and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (18.48 g) with the temperature increased to 70°C. The polymerization continued for 6 hours at 70°C and 1 hour at 90°C. Styrene-based oligomer particles with a diameter of 1.7 pm and with a narrow size distribution were obtained. 

Vinyl acetate-butyl acrylate copolymers (0-100% butyl acrylate) were prepared by both batch and starved semi-continuous polymerization using sodium lauryl sulfate emulsifier, potassium persulfate initiator, and sodium bicarbonate buffer. This copolymer system was selected, not only because of its industrial importance, but also because of its copolymerization reactivity ratios, which predict a critical dependence of copolymer compositional distribution on the technique of polymerization. The butyl acrylate is so much more reactive than the vinyl acetate that batch polymerization of any monomer ratio would be expected to give a butyl acrylate-rich copolymer until the butyl acrylate is exhausted and polyvinyl acetate thereafter. 

It is well known (3,5,6) that sodium lauryl sulfate interacts with some polymers such as polyvinyl acetate causing solubilization of the insoluble polymer leading to an increase in viscosity. In Figure 3, viscosity of the homopolymer and 70/30 VA/BA at various NaLS/polymer ratio is shown. It is seen that the viscosity of the 2% latex dispersion increases with increase in NaLS/polymer ratio. Similar visoosity data for the 85/15 VA/BA was intermediate between the homopolymer and 70/30 VA/BA latexes. Surfactants that showed a normal saturation type adsorption behavior did not show any significant visoosity increase of the latex. 

EFFECT OF NON-IONIC SURFACTANT ON THICKENING OF POLYVINYL ACETATE-SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE (NaLS) ( 1)... 

Swelling of polystyrene latex particles with styrene. The swelling ratios and the corresponding interfacial tensions for the different-size latexes with added anionic surfactants Aerosol MA and sodium dodecyl sulfate are listed in Table II. Those values obtained with added nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 and polymeric surfactant polyvinyl pyrrolidone are listed in Table III. Figure 1 compares theoretical curves from Model I with all of the experimental data. It is found that a curve corresponding to Xmp = 0.35 fits the data best. Therefore, a semi-empirical... 

The products discussed above touch us in every moment of our lives. We wake in the morning to an alarm clock in a polystyrene case we arise from our polyester blend sheets and slip on a pair of slippers glued with polyurethane glue. We flip the polymethylmethacrylate light switch and walk across a Nylon carpet to the bathroom. Our polymethylmethacrylate toothbrush is sitting on the Formica counter top. It has Nylon bristles. The soap we use to wash our face may be hydrocarbon derived sodium lauryl sulfate. We walk to the kitchen with polyvinyl chloride floors and sit at a Formica table. The polyethylene milk carton is at hand to supply the milk for the cereal stored in the polyethylene bag. It is eaten from a urea formamide bowl. The frying pan has a phenolformaldehyde plastic handle and a Teflon interior coating. 

Using radiolysis methods, Henglein334-336, Meisel337,338, and others have recently prepared colloidal particles of Ag and Au protected by sodium-dodecyl-sulfate and polyvinyl sulfate, respectively and these catalysts have been shown to mediate H2 production from a wide variety of organic and inorganic substrates. 

Flectol H. See 2,2,4-Trimethyl-l, 2-dihydroquinoline polymer Flectol ODP. See p,p -Dioctyldiphenylamine Flectol TMQ. See 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline polymer Fleetquest 8800. See Anthraquinone Fleshing grease, sulfated sodium salt. See Sodium tallow sulfate Flexalloy. See Polyvinyl chloride Flexan 130. See Sodium polystyrene sulfonate Flexathene TP 1300-HC, Flexathene TP 4300-HR, Flexathene TP 4390-HU. See Propylene/ethylene copolymer Flexbond 20, Flexbond 25, Flexbond 28, Flexbond 28S. See Acrylic resin Flexbond 149, Flexbond 150, Flexbond 153, Flexbond 165. See Polyvinyl acetate Flexbond 274, Flexbond 277, Flexbond 289. See Acrylic resin... 

Poloxamer 124 Poloxamer 407 Polyamide Polycarbonate Polyethylene glycol Polyisobutene Polyvinyl butyral Potassium, alum anhydrous Potassium tri polyphosphate PPG-20 Sodium allyloxy hydroxypropyl sulfonate Sodium borate Sodium borate decahydrate Sodium laureth sulfate Sodium nonoxynol-6 phosphate... 

N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (DMAEMA) by an SPG emulsification technique [34]. The process consists of two steps - emulsification and polymerization. The oil phase containing monomers (styrene and DMAEMA), hexadecane (HD) and an initiator N.hf-azobis (2,4-dimethyl valeronitrile) (ADVN) is pressed by nitrogen gas through the SPG membrane into the aqueous phase. The aqueous phase contains stabilizer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), electrolyte Na2S04 and water-soluble inhibitor (NaN02 or diaminopheny-lene). The emulsion obtained is then transferred to a separate reaction kettle and polymerization is started by raising the reaction temperature to 70 °G. After 24 h, microcapsules with uniform size are obtained. 

Figure 5.11 Effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) concentration on release rate of santosol oil from polyvinyl alcohol microcapsules [39].

SWNTs were successfully dispersed by wrapping with other polymers including polystyrene sulfonate (PSS, Figure 12a,iii), poly(l-vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate), poly(l-vinyl pyrrolidone-coacrylic acid), poly(l-vinyl pyrrolidone-co-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate), polyvinyl sulfate, poly(sodium styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid), dextran (Figure 12a,iv), dextran sulfate, and bovine serum albumin. Other polymers failed to disperse SWNTs, including poly(methyl methaciylate-co-ethyl acrylate), poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(ethylene glycol), and poly(allyl amine). 

HPMC hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, HPMCAS hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetyl succinate, PEG polyethylene glycol, PVP polyvinyl pyrroUdone, SLS sodium lauryl sulfate, VA vinyl acetate... 

Kirkland and co-workers have used this technique to determine the MWD of water-soluble polymers including polyethylene oxide in the 10 -2 x 10 molecular weight range, including sodium PS sulfates and dextrans [238]. Also, they applied the techniques using Mark-Houwink constants to PS, polyisoprene, poly-a-methylstyrene, polyacrylates, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and PVC [238]. 

Lange, H. (1971). Interaction between sodium alkyl sulfates and polyvinyl pyrrohdone in aqueous solutions. Kolloid-Zeitschrift und Zeitschrift fur Polymere 243 101-109. 

Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) is a homopolymer synthesized from vinyl acetate monomer using a free radical polymerization procedure [25]. This water-insoluble polymer is mostly employed blended with other polymers. The most famous association is the physical mixture of PVAc and polyvinyl pirrolidone (PVP), commercially known as Kollidon SR by the chemical company BASF. Kollidon SR consists of 80% PVAc, 19% of PVP and 1% of sodium lauryl sulfate and silica as stabilizers (BASF). The PVP is added as water-soluble polyamide which forms pores into the matrix tablet allowing drug diffusion. Kollidon SR has been shown to be a suitable pH-independent excipient to form matrix tablets, controlling drug release by both diffusion and erosion mechanisms [24]. 

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