Sodium nitrate, toxicity

Sodium Nitrate and Sodium Nitrite. Nitrates and nitrites ate used in meat-curing processes to prevent the growth of bacteria that cause botulism. Nitrates have been shown to form low, but possibly toxic, levels of nitrosamines in certain cured meats. For this reason, the safety of these products has been questioned, and use is limited (80). 

Elsewhere, in a series of Japanese patents, mixtures of resorcinol + sodium nitrate, glycerine + sodium nitrate, lithium hydroxide + tungstate, etc., have been claimed to be effective. An example of the use of inhibited cooling mixtures of low toxicity is provided by a patent which describes a mixture of silicate-I- polyphosphate -I- a saccharide, e.g. sucrose or fructose, as the inhibitor formulation in a propylene glycol -I- potassium-hydrogen-carbonate mixture used in aluminium cooler boxes for ice-cream. 

Taking into account these difficulties and all discussions and evaluations of recent research results, many authors propose the weak salt solutions of calcium chloride, sodium nitrate and ammonium nitrate as extraction reagents to predict the risk/ toxicity associated to soil PTMs pollution or residing after remediation actions (Kabata-Pendias, 2004 Keller and Hammer, 2004 Ure and Davidson, 2002). 

Aluminum oxide should be kept well away from water. It is incompatible with strong oxidizers and chlorinated rubber. Aluminum oxide also reacts with chlorine trifluoride, ethylene oxide, sodium nitrate, and vinyl acetate. Exothermic reactions above 200°C with halocarbon vapors produce toxic hydrogen chloride and phosgene fumes. 

Sunlight and other sources of nonionizing electromagnetic radiation can affect foods. For example, it has been shown that sodium nitrite, sodium nitrate, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, and benzoic acid exhibit additive photogenotoxic effects on Escherichia coli, causing increased mutations upon exposure to sunlight. I76l Such effects potentially increase the toxic risks associated with food additives. 

CHLOROACETONITRILE or o-CHLOROACETONITRILE or 2-CHLOROACETONITRILE (107-14-2) ClCHjCN Forms explosive mixture with air (flash point 133°F/56°C Fire Rating 2). Contact with water, steam, or strong acid, or acid fumes produce toxic hydrogen cyanide gas. Violent reaction with strong oxidizers. Incompatible with sodium nitrate, lithium alanate. Thermal decomposition releases toxic hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen chloride gas. On small fires, use dry... 

SODIUM RHODANIDE (540-72-7) NaSCN Exposure to light causes slow decomposition, forming cyanide, sulfur oxides, and nitrous vapors. Violent reaction, possibly explosion, with strong oxidizers, organic peroxides, nitric acid. Incompatible with acids, bases, chlorates, anunonia, amines, amides, alcohols, glycols, caprolactam, nitrates, peroxides and hydroperoxides, potassium chlorate, potassium iodate, silver nitrate, sodium chlorate. Contact with sulfuric acid forms toxic carbonyl sulfide gas. Forms explosive mixture with sodium nitrate. Thermal decomposition releases oxides of sulfur and nitrogen. 

ANTIMONY or ANTIMONY BLACK (7440-36-0) Dust or powder forms explosive mixture with air. Reacts violently with strong oxidizers and acids, especially halogenated acids, producing toxic stibine gas (antimony hydride). Reacts violently with anunonium nitrate, bromine, bromine azide, bromine tri fluoride, bromoazide, chloric acid, chlorine, chlorine monoxide, chlorine trifluoride, dichlorine oxide, disulfur dibromide, fluorine, halogens, iodine, iodine pentafluoride, nitrosyl fluoride, nitryl fluoride, potassium dioxide, potassium nitrate, potassium permanganate, potassium peroxide, sodium nitrate, sodium peroxide. Forms explosive V-chlorodimethylamines with chloric and perchloric acid. 

Urethan. Carbamic acid ethyl ester ethyl carbamate urethane ethyl urethan. C3H,NO, mol wt 89.09. C 40.44%-, H 7.92%, N 15.72%, O 35.92%,. NH2COOC2H5. Prepd by heating urea with alcohol under pressure by warming urea nitrate with alcohol and sodium nitrite. Toxicity data K. J. Franklin, J, Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 42, 1 (1931). Review of carcinogenic action and metabolism Mirvish in Advan. Cancer Res 11, 1-42 (1968). 

EXPLOSION and FIRE CONCERNS moderate fire and explosion hazard in forms of dust and vapor when heated or on contact with acid, emits toxic fumes of SbH3 electrolysis of acid sulfides and antimony halides yields explosive antimony reacts violently with ammonium nitrate, halogens, bromine azide, chloric acid, chlorine oxide, chlorine trifluoride, nitric acid, potassium nitrate, potassium permanganate, potassium peroxide, sodium nitrate, and oxidants use appropriate extinguishing media for firefighting purposes. 

Sodium nitrate, also known as Chile saltpeter and soda niter, has a molecular formula of NaN03 Sodium nitrate is a colorless, odorless, transparent crystal. It oxidizes when exposed to air and is soluble in water. This material explodes at lOOOT, much lower than temperatures encountered in many fires. Sodium lutrate is toxic by ingestion, and has caused cancer in test animals. When used in the curing of fish and meat products, it is restricted to 100 ppm. Sodium nitrate is incompatible with ammonium nitrate and other ammonium salts. The four-digit UN identification number is 1498. Sodium nitrate is used as an antidote for cyanide poisoiung and in the curing of fish and meat. 

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