Sodium lauryl sulfate various

Calcitonin Various saponins, bile salts, fatty acids, sucrose esters, sodium lauryl sulfate Various bile salts... 

The kinetics of vinyl acetate emulsion polymeriza tion in the presence of alkyl phenyl ethoxylate surfactants of various chain lengths indicate that part of the emulsion polymerization occurs in the aqueous phase and part in the particles (115). A study of the emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate in the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate reveals that a water-soluble poly(vinyl acetate)—sodium dodecyl sulfate polyelectrolyte complex forms, and that latex stabihty, polymer hydrolysis, and molecular weight are controlled by this phenomenon (116). 

Various detergents were examined for their effect on lather properties. It was observed that alkyl aryl sulfonates (like sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate) and alkyl sulfates (like sodium lauryl sulfate) had the biggest impact as foam boosters. This is not surprising, as both surfactants have head groups with high charge density, which is important for achieving rapid and stable foam [20],... 

DR. THOMAS The kinetic parameters of micelles are very well known, having been determined by temperature-jump relaxation methods and various other techniques. There are several kinetic events which can be described. First of all, the fastest event is the exchange of the counter ion (e.g., the sodium counter ion, in sodium lauryl sulfate). These ions exchange... 

Although most patch testing is done with nickel sulfate because it is less irritating than nickel chloride, exposure of the skin to nickel alloys results in the release of nickel chloride from the influence of human sweat. Therefore, nickel chloride is the more relevant form of nickel for examining threshold concentrations (Menne 1994). Menne and Calvin (1993) examined skin reactions to various concentrations of nickel chloride in 51 sensitive and 16 nonsensitive individuals. Although inflammatory reactions in the sweat ducts and hair follicles were observed at 0.01% and lower, positive reactions to nickel were not observed. To be scored as a positive reaction, the test area had to have both redness and infiltration, while the appearance of vesicles and/or a bullous reaction were scored as a more severe reaction. At 0.1%, 4/51 and 1/51 tested positive with and without 4% sodium lauryl sulfate. Menne et al. (1987) examined the reactivity to different nickel alloys in 173 nickel-sensitive individuals. With one exception (Inconel 600), alloys that released nickel into synthetic sweat at a rate of <0.5 pg/cmVweek showed weak reactivity, while alloys that released nickel at a rate of >1 pg/cm /week produced strong reactions. 

Figure 1 shows the results obtained by Francois and Skoulios (27) on the conductivity of various liquid crystalline phases in the binary systems water-sodium lauryl sulfate and water-potassium laurate at 50 °C. As might be expected, the water-continuous normal hexagonal phase has the highest conductivity among the liquid crystals while the lamellar phase with its bimolecular leaflets of surfactant has the lowest conductivity. Francois (28) has presented data on the conductivity of the hexagonal phases of other soaps. She has also discussed the mechanism of ion transport in the hexagonal phase and its similarity to ion transport in aqueous solutions of rodlike polyelectrolytes. 

The effect of various surfactants, the cationics-eetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), and cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC), the anionic-sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), and the nonionic-polysorbate 80 (Tween 80), on the solubility and ionization constants of some sparingly soluble weak acids of pharmaceutical interest was studied (Gerakis et al., 1993). Benzoic acid (and its 3-methyl-, 3-nitro-, and 4-tert-butyl-derivatives), acetylsalicylic acid, naproxen, and iopanoic acid were chosen as model drugs. The cationics, CTAB and CPC, were found to considerably increase th< ionization constant of the weak acidS Ka ranged from-0.21 to-3.57), while the anionic, SLS, showed a negligible effect and the nonionic, Tween 80, generally decreased the ionization constants Solubility of the acids increased in aqueous micellar and in acidiLed micellar solutions. 

It is well known (3,5,6) that sodium lauryl sulfate interacts with some polymers such as polyvinyl acetate causing solubilization of the insoluble polymer leading to an increase in viscosity. In Figure 3, viscosity of the homopolymer and 70/30 VA/BA at various NaLS/polymer ratio is shown. It is seen that the viscosity of the 2% latex dispersion increases with increase in NaLS/polymer ratio. Similar visoosity data for the 85/15 VA/BA was intermediate between the homopolymer and 70/30 VA/BA latexes. Surfactants that showed a normal saturation type adsorption behavior did not show any significant visoosity increase of the latex. 

Figure 5 shows a plot of log A vs polarity (xP) of latex surface. It is readily seen that the plot is quite linear and fits equation 2.in good agreement with the results on the adsorption of sodium lauryl sulfate at various latex/water interfaces (1). 

Sodium dodecylsulfate, aka sodium lauryl sulfate (Tide ) Alkyltrimethyl-ammonium chloride (shampoo) Octylphenylethoxylate (Triton X-100 , various industrial applications)... 

In the late 1990s various web sites, t seemingly set up by voluntary con- i sumer groups, started claiming that c sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium i... 

The industrial Wacker process is carried out in aqueous hydrochloric acid using PdClj/CuCh as the catalyst under oxygen pressure. The oxidation of higher terminal alkenes under the same conditions is slow and sometimes accompanied by undesired by-products formed by the chlorination of carbonyl com-poimds by CuCh, and isomerization of double bonds. Earlier examples of oxidation of various alkenes, mainly in aqueous solutions, have been tabulated.The pseudo-first-order rate constants for oxidation of various alkenes, relative to the value for cycloheptene, with PdCb in the presence of benzoquinone in aqueous solution have been rqwrted. An accelerating effect of surfactants such as sodium lauryl sulfate on the stoichiometric oxidation of higher alkenes in an aqueous solution has been reported. 

Figure 1. Conversion curves at various sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) concentrations. Dose rate 0.175 Mrads/hr, temperature 25°C, water to monomer ratio — 2.0. Q> 3.0% SLS A, 1.0% SLS , 0.1% SLS O, 0.03% SLS. N varies between 5 X Iff — 3.3 X 10 particles/l.

Ultrasound may enhance transdermal transport by inducing skin alteration and active transport (forced convention) in the skin. Various other means of transport enhancement, including chemicals, iontophoresis and electroporation, may enhance transport synergis-tically with US. Thus, the evaluation of the synergistic effect of low-frequency US with chemical enhancers and surfactants for permeation of mannitol revealed that application of US or sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) alone, both for 90 min, increased skin permeability about 8 and 3 times, respectively. However, the combined use of US and a 1% SLS solution increased the skin permeability 200 times to mannitol [129]. 

Figure 4. Photomicrographs of Various Foams Containing Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (5 mM) and Different Alkyl Alcohols (0.5 mM).

Figure 5. Effect of temperature on the stability of immobilized cells. The gel-entrapped dried cells (a) were incubated in O.OIM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, for 3 hr

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