Sodium iron

AH commercial processes (8—10) use either NaOH (4) or Na2C02 (5) as solvent systems. The dissolving mechanism is similar ia both solvents because hydrolyzes to OH . Sodium salts are required because insoluble sodium iron sHicates form on the steel waHs of the high pressure vessels... 

Eor the many details of constmcting or interpreting stmctures and systematic names, the Hterature on nomenclature and indexing (6) can be consulted. Systematic nomenclature is illustrated by the Chemicaly hstracts name of the sodium iron(III) EHPG chelate sodium [[N,N -l,2-ethanediylbis[2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)glyciQatol]](4-)-N,N, 0,0, 0, 0 ]ferrate(l-) [16455-61-1], The ferrate anion (12) [20250-28-6] and the potassium salt [22569-56-8] are also Hsted ia Chemical Abstracts (7). 

More recendy, the molten caustic leaching (MCL) process developed by TRW, Inc. has received attention (28,31,32). This process is illustrated in Eigure 6. A coal is fed to a rotary kiln to convert both the mineral matter and the sulfur into water- or acid-soluble compounds. The coal cake discharged from the kiln is washed first with water and then with dilute sulfuric acid solution countercurrendy. The efduent is treated with lime to precipitate out calcium sulfate, iron hydroxide, and sodium—iron hydroxy sulfate. The MCL process can typically produce ultraclean coal having 0.4 to 0.7% sulfur, 0.1 to 0.65% ash, and 25.5 to 14.8 MJ/kg (6100—3500 kcal/kg) from a high sulfur, ie, 4 wt % sulfur and ca 11 wt % ash, coal. The moisture content of the product coal varies from 10 to 50%. 

Internal surfaces were covered with a tan deposit layer up to 0.033 in. (0.084 cm) thick. The deposits were analyzed by energy-dispersive spectroscopy and were found to contain 24% calcium, 17% silicon, 16% zinc, 11% phosphorus, 7% magnesium, 2% each sodium, iron, and sulfur, 1% manganese, and 18% carbonate by weight. The porous corrosion product shown in Fig. 13.11B contained 93% copper, 3% zinc, 3% tin, and 1% iron. Traces of sulfur and aluminum were also found. Near external surfaces, up to 27% of the corrosion product was sulfur. 

Hydrogen cyanide (prussic acid) is a liquid with a boiling point of 26°C. Its vapour is flammable and extremely toxic. The effects of acute exposure are given in Table 5.34. This material is a basic building block for the manufacture of a range of chemical products such as sodium, iron or potassium cyanide, methyl methacrylate, adiponitrile, triazines, chelates. 

Acmite, sodium iron silicate, NaFe(Si03)2... 

Heavy fuel oils may contain a relatively high level of noncombustible materials that result in considerable ash formation. Oils containing more than 0.05% ash are considered high-ash fuels, whereas oil containing less than 0.02% ash are considered low-ash fuels. Vanadium, nickel, sodium, iron, and some other catalytic metals form the greatest proportion of the ash content. 

Not only do nickel and vanadium levels rise significantly, but vanadium content may greatly exceed nickel. Because of the absence of vacuum distillation, sodium, iron, copper, and other potential poisons can also appear at very high levels. These may have been present in the crude oil or added by contamination from corrosion, additives, or accidental carryover from desalting. 

We knew the poisonous behavior of nickel, sodium, iron, and copper, and could anticipate the problems connected with them. However, vanadium appeared to offer some new problems. First of all, it appeared in our reduced crudes at one to three times the nickel level. It could be expected to show the same adverse product selectivity as at lower levels, but with much greater severity. 

Barium reacts with metal oxides and hydroxides in soil and is subsequently adsorbed onto soil particulates (Hem 1959 Rai et al. 1984). Adsorption onto metal oxides in soils and sediments probably acts as a control over the concentration of barium in natural waters (Bodek et al. 1988). Under typical environmental conditions, barium displaces other adsorbed alkaline earth metals from MnO2, SiO2, and TiO2 (Rai et al. 1984). However, barium is displaced from Al203 by other alkaline earth metals (Rai et al. 1984). The ionic radius of the barium ion in its typical valence state (Ba+) makes isomorphous substitution possible only with strontium and generally not with the other members of the alkaline earth elements (Kirkpatrick 1978). Among the other elements that occur with barium in nature, substitution is common only with potassium but not with the smaller ions of sodium, iron, manganese, aluminum, and silicon (Kirkpatrick 1978). 

The first work in this field was reported by Winnick et al. in 1995 [4], In order to design a sodium/iron(II) chloride battery, they examined a l-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride/aluminum chloride-based system. As described by Lipsztajn and Osteryoung for lithium it was first necessary to synthesize the acidic ionic liquid by adding an excess of AICI3 and then adding an equivalent amount of sodium chloride as a buffer to obtain again the neutral species. 

The process operated successfully in the plant. More than 98% of the americium was recovered from the cation exchange column as an acidic nitrate solution. Substantial quantities of sodium, iron, nickel, sulfate, and phosphate were removed. Decontamination from these impurities was satisfactory, but almost all the chromium and small amounts of nickel, iron, and lead remained. 

Chemical analysis of scale deposits present on the surface of the failed clamp by X-ray diffraction revealed the presence of predominantly sodium iron oxide, sodium carbonate sodium chloride ( 10%), iron oxide and iron sulfide. The scale composition was consistent with the evaporated residue from the 80% quality steam, which had been leaking from the joint prior to the failure. The high sodium concentration in the scale was attributed to the zeolite ion exchange system used to soften the boiler feedwater, while the chlorides and sulfides were naturally present in the feedwater. 

An example of the application of dynamic ion-exchange chromatography for the direct separation of rare earths is shown in Fig. 1.22. The sample was a sodium hydroxide leach solution from an aluminium processing operation and contained high concentrations of sodium, iron and aluminium. Due to matrix interference, these solutions could not be accurately analysed by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy. Fig. 1.22 shows the chromatogram when the sample was separated by dynamic ion-exchange... 

The Story of hydrogen begins before there was anyone to notice. Long before the Earth and its planetary siblings existed, before the Sun and the Milky Way existed, and even before chemical elements like oxygen, sodium, iron, and gold existed, the hydrogen atom was old, old news. 

Prout did not consider himself a proficient experimentalist nonetheless, he designed and carried out experiments to determine the weights of such atoms as iodine, phosphorus, sodium, iron, zinc, potassium, and beryllium. For other elements he accepted the atomic weights that had been measured by scientists he considered trustworthy. Of critical importance was the atomic weight accepted for hydrogen itself and for this Prout used the value measured by Davy. With these data in hand, Prout pro-... 

FeljNa (g) NaFela (g) Sodium Iron Iodide FelsNa (g) NaFela (g)... 

Symbol of Sodium, Iron, Copper, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Chlorine, Platinum. 

Only a few of these lamps have been used for pharmaceutical photostability testing and they are the mercury, sodium, iron and thallium doped dysprosium varieties. 

Sodium iron(III) ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid complex 4.2... 

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