Sodium disulfide solution

There is a long history of the preparation of explosive solids or oils from interaction of diazonium salts with solutions of various sulfides and related derivatives. Such products have arisen from benzene- and toluene-diazonium salts with hydrogen, ammonium, or sodium sulfides [1,5] 2- or 3-chlorobenzene-, 4-chloro-2-methylbenzene-, 2- or 4-nitrobenzene- or 1- or 2-naphthalene-diazonium solutions with hydrogen sulfide, sodium hydrogen sulfide or sodium mono-, di- or poly-sulfides [l]-[4,7], 4-Bromobenzenediazonium solutions gave with hydrogen sulfide at -5°C a product which exploded under water at 0°C [2], and every addition of a drop of 3-chlorobenzenediazonium solution to sodium disulfide solution... 

Several cellulose esters (qv) are prepared commercially. Cellulose xanthate [9032-37-5] is made by reaction of cellulose swollen in 8.5—12% sodium hydroxide solution (alkaU cellulose [9081-58-7J) with carbon disulfide and is soluble in the alkaline solution in which it is made. When such a solution, termed viscose, is introduced into an acid bath, the cellulose xanthate decomposes to regenerate cellulose as rayon fibers or cellophane sheets (see Fibers, REGENERATED CELLULOSICS). 

In case a small amount of sodium disulfide separates in a layer at the bottom, it should be taken up with a little more alcohol and added to the chloronitrobenzene solution. 

The key intermediate 2-thioxo-3-phenylquinazohn-4(3H)-one was prepared by adding carbon disulfide and sodium hydroxide solution simultaneously to a vigorously stirred solution of aniline 7 in dimethylsulfoxide over 30 min stirring was then continued for an additional 30 min. Dimethylsulfate was added to the reaction mixture whilst stirring at 5-10°C after which it was stirred for another 2 h and then poured into ice water to obtain a soHd dithiocarbamic acid methylester 6. The compoimd 6 and methylanthranilate 5 when refluxed in ethanol for 18 h yielded the desired 2-thioxo-3-substituted quinazolin-4(3H)-one 4. The product obtained was cycUc and not an open chain thiourea 5a. It was confirmed by its value, high melting point, and its... 

Samples are hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid and stannous chloride solution at elevated temperature, and the evolved carbon disulfide is drawn with an air steam through two gas washing tubes in series containing lead acetate and sodium hydroxide solutions and an absorption tube containing an ethanolic solution of cupric acetate and diethanolamine. Lead acetate and sodium hydroxide remove hydrogen sulfide and other impurities. In the absorption tube, the carbon disulfide forms two cupric complexes of Af,Af-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)dithiocarbamic acid with molecular ratios Cu CS2 of 1 1 and 1 2. These complexes are measured simultaneously by spectrophotometry at 453 nm. 

Extracts of these fat samples were treated with sodium sulfate-concentrated sulfuric acid mixture and fuming acid by the method described by Schechter et al. 5) in order to separate the organic-chlorine compound from the fatty materials. An infrared spectrum from 7 to 15 microns on carbon disulfide solutions of the residues from the fat qualitatively identified the organic-chlorine compound as toxaphene. All the bands of toxaphene in this spectral region were plainly seen in the treated steer extract, whereas none of the absorption bands were visible in the untreated steer extract. 

Dining the preparation of chloronitromethane by adding portions of dry sodium acz-nitromethanide to chlorine (40 mol of each) dissolved in carbon disulfide, a violent explosion occurred when the addition was half-complete. Similar reactions using bromine had been executed uneventfully many times previously [1], No certain explanation has emerged, but the sodium salt is known to be explosively unstable, and mixtures of carbon disulfide vapour and air are of course extremely flammable and explosive. Contact of the dry salt with traces of chlorine above its carbon disulfide solution may have led to an exotherm and ignition of the vapour-air mixture in the flask [2],... 

In the biotechnological arena, a process for removing H2S and mercaptans from a hydrocarbon stream, such as a LPG, was disclosed [171]. Sulfide oxidizing microorganisms, such as those from the genera Thiobacillus and Thiomicrospira, are employed to convert H2S to sulfur and mercaptans to disulfides. First a weakly basic stream, (e.g., a sodium bicarbonate solution) is used to extract the sulfur molecules from the hydrocarbon stream using an ordinary extraction column. The extracted sulfur molecules are then... 

Viscose Also known as the Cross-Bevan-Beadle process. A process for making regenerated cellulose fibers. The product has been known by the generic name rayon since 1924. Cellulose, from cotton or wood, is first reacted with sodium hydroxide ( mercerization), yielding alkali cellulose. This is dissolved in carbon disulfide, yielding cellulose xanthate, which is dissolved in sodium hydroxide solution. Injection of this solution (known as viscose... 

Xylan xanthate can be made by the action of carbon disulfide on xylan in sodium hydroxide solution. Analysis of the products indicates substitution below the diester stage, but the reaction appears similar to that occurring with cellulose.119 120 However, neither Heuser and Schorsch119 nor Dorr121 find that xylan gives a viscose-like solution. 

Cellulose (VIII) is spun into fiber or cast into film by using a chemical reaction to convert it into a soluble xanthate derivative (Turbak, 1988). This is achieved by treating cellulose with 18-20% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at 25-30°C for about 0.5-1 h. Much of the sodium hydroxide is physically absorbed into the swollen polymer some of it may be in the form of cellulose alkoxides. The excess alkali is pressed out of the cellulose pulp and the mass aged to allow oxidative degradation of the polymer chains to the desired molecular weight. The alkali cellulose is then treated with carbon disulfide at about 30° C and the resulting mass dissolved in dilute sodium hydroxide to form the sodium... 

In a i-l. three-neck flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a reflux condenser, and a thermometer (with bulb immersed in the liquid), are placed ioo g. (0.75 mole) of anhydrous aluminum chloride and 300 g. of carbon disulfide (Note 1). The suspension is cooled to 15-25° and a solution of 60 g. (0.71 mole) of thiophene (p. 72) and 105 g. (0.75 mole) of benzoyl chloride in 225 g. of carbon disulfide is added through the condenser, with stirring, over a period of three and one-half hours (Note 2). The solution is allowed to warm up to room temperature, and stirring is continued for three more hours the reaction mixture is then allowed to stand overnight. The mixture is refluxed on the water bath for three and one-half hours, cooled, poured on ice, and extracted with ether. The ether extract is washed successively with sodium carbonate solution and water, and then dried over calcium chloride. The ether is removed by distillation on the water bath, and the residue is distilled under reduced pressure. The yield of product boiling at 200-209 V30-40 mm. is ir7-r20 g. (88-90 per cent of the theoretical amount). On crystallization from 1 I. of petroleum ether (b.p. 65-1x0°) there is obtained 110 112 g. of product melting at 52°. Another crystallization... 

Of the several methods described for the production of thiosalicylic acid, only the following are of preparative interest heating of o-halogenated benzoic acids with an alkaline hydrosulfide at i50-200° in the presence of copper or copper salts,1 5 or by substitution of sodium sulfide at 200° 2 by reduction of dithiosalicylic add with glucose,3 or metals 4,5 in alkaline solution. The dithiosalicylic add is prepared by treating diazo-tized anthranilic acid with sodium disulfide in alkaline solution.4... 

Another point worth mentioning is the reduction of substituted nitro-benzenes by sodium disulfide in aqueous methanolic solution. This reaction was shown to be largely influenced by the presence of electron- donating or electron-withdrawing substituents (ref.8). The effect of substituents fits the Hammett equation well, the slope p-value being + 3.55, thus leading the authors to propose the disulfide anion as the reductive species. 2- and... 

It is necessary to have an excess of the chloride present at all times in order to prevent the formation of dibenzohydryl-disulfide, due to reduction of the thioketone with the hydrosulfide. If the chloride is added to the sodium hydrosulfide solution, a 70 per cent yield of the pure disulfide is obtained and no thioketone is formed. 

Berzas Nevado et al. [138] developed a new capillary zone electrophoresis method for the separation of omeprazole enantiomers. Methyl-/ -cyclodextrin was chosen as the chiral selector, and several parameters, such as cyclodextrin structure and concentration, buffer concentration, pH, and capillary temperature were investigated to optimize separation and run times. Analysis time, shorter than 8 min was found using a background electrolyte solution consisting of 40 mM phosphate buffer adjusted to pH 2.2, 30 mM /1-cyclodextrin and 5 mM sodium disulfide, hydrodynamic injection, and 15 kV separation voltage. Detection limits were evaluated on the basis of baseline noise and were established 0.31 mg/1 for the omeprazole enantiomers. The method was applied to pharmaceutical preparations with recoveries between 84% and 104% of the labeled contents. 

The thiol (64) also yields 2,1-benzisothiazole on treatment with concentrated potassium hydroxide solution 2 in this case most of the thiol is oxidized to the disulfide (65) and the yield of product (2) is low.98 It was later found that o-nitro-a-toluenethiolacetic acid (66) undergoes a similar reaction with sodium hydroxide solution the yield of product (2) is however very small (less than 10%).99... 

A 500-ml jacketed flask was charged with carbon disulfide (22.9 g), tetrabutylammonium bisulfate (2.0 g), and 100 ml of toluene and then treated with the dropwise addition of 50% sodium hydroxide solution (168 g) at such a rate the temperature did... 

An alkaline solution of sodium sulfide and sodium disulfide (or of the ammonium sulfides) is used in the usual systems of qualitative analysis as a means of separating the precipitated sulfides of certain metals and metalloids. This separation depends upon the ability of certain sulfides (HgS, AS2S3, AsoSg, Sb2S3, Sb2Sj5, SnS, SnSg) to form thioanions... 

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