Smelting of non-ferrous metals

Non-ferrous slags are by-products in the smelting of non-ferrous metals. Vitrified non-ferrous slags, such as copper and nickel slags, exhibit weak pozzolanic properties, and their blends with Portland cements may be used as binders of inferior cementing value. 

The SIC code of the battery plant is 3691 (storage batteries) the SIC code for the smelter is 3341 (secondary smelting and refining of non-ferrous metals). A lead oxide production plant located adjacent to the battery plant, on the same property, also falls under SIC code 3691. 

Smelting, alloying and the refining of non-ferrous metals are covered in the BREF document on non-ferrous metal industries and will therefore be excluded from the scope of this document. In covering non-ferrous metals in this document, the process is considered to start with the melting of ingots and internal scrap or with liquid metal. 

Industrial land uses that result in the highest risk from heavy metals are mining of non-ferrous metals, smelting of such metals (particularly Cr), chlorine-alkali manufacture (Hg contamination), timber treatment (As, Cr, Cd contamination), tanning (Cr contamination), metal finishing (Cr, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni contamination), vehicle breaking (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu contamination), weapons disposal (Pb, Hg, Cu, Zn, As contamination), paint manufacture and use (Pb, Cd, Hg, Zn contamination) and sites where sewage has been disposed of (contamination by Cd, Hg, Cr, others). 

By-Product (Non-Discretionary) Sulfur Sources - Smelting Non-Ferrous Metals. In recent years the nation s move toward improvement in air quality has resulted in requiring essentially all of the... 

The major anthropogenic sources of sulfur dioxide emissions are fossil fuel and biomass burning, iron and non-ferrous metal smelting and sulfur acid production. The natural emissions from volcano eruptions and massive forest fires should be also taken into account if any occur in the considered period. 

In the Central European countries, the main sources of the environmental pollution and human exposure to lead are the exhaust of vehicles using leaded gasoline, industrial processes that utilize lead and lead compounds (ferrous and non-ferrous metal smelting and processing, and battery manufacturing and dismantling), and combustion sources. 

Mitsui Mining Smelting Co., Ltd. (MMS) is a general non-ferrous metal enterprise which originated its business from mining and smelting. At present, its spectrum of business activities covers not only the production of zinc, lead, copper and other materials but also it has extended its applications to the production of rolled copper products, synthetic chemical products, electric circuit materials (electrolytic copper foil), PVD (physical vapour deposition) materials, battery materials, ceramics, rare metals, rare earth and automotive components. 

Xiao Anxiong. The investigation of world non-ferrous metal smelting plant from American metal joumal(the third department - nickel laterite) [J]. Chinese non-ferrous metallurgy, 2008, 8(4) 1-12. 

Melting, Smelting, and Casting of Metals. Molded graphite has numerous e iplications in the processing of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and alloys such as copper, copper-nickel, brass, bronze, zinc, aluminum alloys, nickel and its alloys, precious metals, and grey and ductile irons.l°ll °l The wide variety of these applications is shown in the following partial list ... 

Wales is a devolved region in the west of the UK. The south was formerly an area of coal mining, ferrous and non-ferrous metal smelting and steel making most of this industry has closed. The majority of Wales is rural with livestock farming in a hilly or mountainous terrain. The case smdy relates to the 29 major water supply systems that serve the region. 

Hai-Qing Chen, Study on Novel Technology of Copper Dross Smelting with Soda-lead Concentrate . Non-ferrous metal (Smelting part), 3 ( 2007 ), 6—8. 

Ping-Yan Wang et al., Study on Produetion of Aluminum Carbothermie Reduetion and Subhalide Decomposition under Vaeuum , Non-ferrous metal(Smelting part),2 ( 2005 ), 11—13. 11. Qiu-Xia Li et al., Preparation of Alurrunum by Disproportion of Sub-fluoride in Vaeuum ,... 

Table 4 shows a typical list of heavy metals and relevant industries. One should note that in some technological processes a wide spectrum of metals is used (for example, production of pesticides, electronics, non-ferrous smelting, electrochemistry),... 

Currently arsenic is a part of wood preservatives, some pesticides, non-ferrous alloys, and semiconductor manufacture. Arsenic may be released into the environment from metal smelting and coal burning, see also T OXICITY. 

R.K. Hanna and N.A.Warner, Process Requirements for the Direct Condensation of Both Zinc and Lead as Metals in Polymetallic Smelting of Zn-Pb-Cu Sulphides , Proc. Non-Ferrous Smelting Symposium 100 Years of Lead Smelting and Refining in Port Pine, The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Melbourne, Australia, 1989, 227-236. 

At the same time, the Vlltsvetmet specialists made a statistical analysis of the laboratory experimental and industrial results on the smelting of various lead feeds, including a high-copper and valuable metals feed (Cu 3-10%, Au 50-100 g/t, Ag 2,000-5,000 g/t). Basic factors crucial for the quality of the smelting products, and the non-ferrous and noble metals distributions, were identified. These tests provided for the development of a statistical model of... 

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