Mining, smelting and refining of non-ferrous metals

Lead containing ores usually also contain zinc, copper and cadmium in varying proportions, the metals normally being present as sulphides, sulphates or oxides. The first processes in metal production are mining, crushing and grinding of the ores. US emissions from these processes and from smelting are shown in Table 

After concentration by settling and flotation, the ore is transferred to the smelter. 

Ore mining, crushing and grinding Primary lead smelting Primary zinc smelting Primary copper smelting 

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