Lead smelting

Other Le d Smeltings Processes. Stricter regulations concerning lead emissions and ambient lead in ak levels (see Airpollution), and the necessity to reduce capital and operating costs have encouraged the development of alternative lead smelting processes to replace the sinter plant—blast furnace combination. 

The paste recovered in the initial screening stage is not in a form suitable for lead smelting because of its high sulfate content. Thus the first step is desulfurization by a soda ash treatment at 60—70°C. 

As of this writing (ca 1994) none of the newer lead smelting technologies has been adopted in the United States. Also, no new lead mine has opened in the United States since the early 1980s. Most of the known U.S. reserves for lead are located in federally owned land in Missouri future mine development depends on the outcome of the U.S. government s intent to reform the Mining Law of 1872. 

Lead Incineration, smelting and casting, transportation. Copper and lead smelting, MSWs Neurological impairments kidney, hver, and heart damage. 

Fig. 1-1. Lead smelting furnace. Source G. Agricola, "De Re Metallica," Book X, p. 481, Basel, Switzerland, 1556. Translated by H. C. Hoover and L. H. Hoover, Mining Magazine, London, 1912. Reprinted by Dover Publications, New York, 1950.

Zinc Zinc is processed very similarly to copper and lead. The zinc is bound in the ore as ZnS, sphalerite. Zinc is also obtained as an impurity from lead smelting, in which it is recovered from the blast furnace slag. 

Lead Combustion of leaded petrol Solder, lead-containing paint Lead smelting Adverse health effects... 

Blei, n. lead, -abgang, m. lead dross, lead scoria, -ablagerung,/. lead deposit, -acetat, n. lead acetate, -ader, /. lead vein, -anti-monerz, n., -antimonglanz, m. zinkenite. -arbeit, /. lead smelting plumbing, -arse-nat, n. lead arsenate, -arsenglanz, m. sarto-rite. -arsenik, m. lead arsenate lead arsenide, -art, /. kind or variety of lead. 

Speisses These are alloys of heavy metals like iron, cobalt and nickel with arsenic and antimony, occasionally also with tin. Lead smelting typically yields this complex source... 

Clair C. Patterson, T. J. Chow, and M. Murozumi. The Possibility of Measuring Variations in the Intensity of Worldwide Lead Smelting during Medieval and Ancient Times Using Lead Aerosol Deposits in Polar Snow Strata. In Scientific Methods in Medieval Archaeology. Rainer Berger, ed. Berkeley University of California Press, 1970, pp. 339-350. 

Lead smelting Lead sinter, coke Sulfur dioxide, Plant washdown Slag containing... 

Cocco et al. (1997) evaluated cause-specific mortality among workers of a lead-smelting plant in Italy. The cohort consisted of 1,388 men whose vital status was followed from January 1950, or 12 months after the date of hiring, whichever was later, through December 1992. For this period, reference mortality rates of the Italian male population were available from the mortality data base of the World Health Organization (WHO). The deaths from all causes, all malignant neoplasms, diseases of the... 

Blood lead levels, urinary lead levels, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine clearance (CCT), and NAG were measured in 158 male and 51 female workers in a lead battery factory or a lead smelting plant in Japan (Ong et al. 1987). Controls consisted of 30 professional and laboratory staff members with no history of renal disease or lead exposure. The length of exposure to lead averaged 10.8 8.0 years with a range of 1-36 years. Exposure levels were not available, but indicators of lead body burden in the exposed workers were PbB level = 3.0-80.0 pg/dL and urinary lead level =... 

Wilson D, Estonian A, Lewis M, et al. 1986. Children s blood lead levels in the lead smelting town of Port Pirie, South Australia. Arch Environ Health 41 245-250. 

Major sources of lead in Atlantic coast streams included wastes from metal-finishing industries, brass manufacturing, lead alkyl production, primary and secondary lead smelting, coal combustion, and manufacture of lead oxide. 

Bolter, E., D. Hemphill, B. Wixom, D. Butherus, and R. Chen. 1973. Geochemical and vegetation studies of trace substances from lead smelting. Pages 79-86 in D.D. Hemphill (ed.). Trace Substances in Environmental Health. Vol. VI. Univ. Missouri, Columbia. 

Carinthian An obsolete lead smelting process, first operated at Bleiberg, Carinthia, Austria. 

Flintshire An early lead-smelting process in which galena was roasted in a reverberatory furnace. 

Huntingdon-Heberlein A lead smelting process, succeeded by the Dwight-Lloyd... 

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