Sludge mixture

Vulkan T., Mingelgrin V., Ben-Asher J., Frenkel H. Copper and zinc speciation in the solution of a soil-sludge mixture. J Environ Qual 2002 31 193-203. 

Physical characterization of the CBI ceramic aggregate was accomplished at the Civil Engineering Department of Stanford University. Samples were analyzed for specific surface area and pore volume, by BET adsorption, and microscopic morphology, by SEM imaging. These analyses were performed on fired samples from the matrix of additive-sludge mixtures described in the previous paragraph. 

Receiving Copper Sludge Mixtures, Sewage Works J. (1941) 13,1248. 

Degradation of nitrocellulose involves a complex chemical dissociation into a wide variety of products. Extremely high concentrations of nitrate and nitrite (NOi" /NOi ) are present in leachate from nitrocellulose landfills. Low permeability of the sludge and especially soil/sludge mixture will attenuate effects over long period of time. 

Bache, C.A. 1985. Cadmium and nickel in mainstream particulates of cigarettes containing tobacco grown on a low-cadmium soil-sludge mixture. ]. Toxicol. 

Data on the gasification of acid pit sludge are given in Table I. In this test, the water-sludge mixture was heated to the consistency of light oil (about 90 to 95°C) and fed to the reactor without removing any water from the as-received material. 

Several enrichment cultures Activated sludge mixture and contaminated aquifer methane, propane, butane, 1-propanol MTBE [74]... 

When solid particles of sludge agglomerate, capillaries are formed between the sludge particles, and water present in them is bonded by capillary forces. To remove this water, it would be necessary to exert a force on the water-sludge mixture equal to the force binding this water. 

Bhumbla, D. 1992. Nitrogen transformations on soils amended with fly ash and sewage sludge mixtures. In Proceedings. Association of Abandoned Mine Land Programs, 14th Annual Conference, Chicago, IL. 

Now the easy part -isolating your product. One of the most attractive features of this new synthesis is that the standard Ai/(Hg) amination mixture must be tediously filtered to separate the product from the spent aluminum hydroxide sludge at this point. The following remedies this most frustrating step and will probably give many a new outlook on the potential of the AI(Hg) reduction. 

Fig. 2. Flow sheet of lecithin producing unit. Crude soybean oil is heated in the preheater, 1, to 80°C, mixed with 2% water in the proportion control unit, 2, and intensively agitated in 3. The mixture goes to a dweUing container, 4, and is then centrifuged after a residence time of 2—5 min. The degummed oil flows without further drying to the storage tanks. The lecithin sludge is dried in the thin-film evaporator, 6, at 100°C and 6 kPa (60 mbar) for 1—2 min and is discharged after cooling to 50—60°C in the cooler, 8. 9 and 10 are the condenser and vacuum pump, respectively.

Iron Reduction. The reduction of nitrophenols with iron filings or turnings takes place in weakly acidic solution or suspension (30). The aminophenol formed is converted to the water soluble sodium aminopheno1 ate by adding sodium hydroxide before the iron-iron oxide sludge is separated from the reaction mixture (31). Adjustment of the solution pH leads to the precipitation of aminophenols, a procedure performed in the absence of air because the salts are very susceptible to oxidation in aqueous solution. 

Pre-liming. Lime slurry, 0.25% lime on juice (0.250 g of CaO/100 g juice), is added to bring the pH of the mixture into the alkaline range. Insoluble calcium salts are precipitated as finely dispersed coUoids. Calcium carbonate in the form of recycled first carbonation sludge is added to provide coUoid absorption and stabilization. Temperature may be cool (50°C) or hot (80°C) depending on the temperature of the next step, or occasionally on the type of diffusion equipment. Retention time is 15 to 30 min. 

The process of nitrification—denitrification can be practiced in one of two ways. In the oxidation ditch, nitrification occurs in the vicinity of the aerators. When the dissolved oxygen is depleted as the sludge—wastewater mixture passes from the aerator, denitrification occurs. 

Anaerobic Contact. This process can be considered as an anaerobic activated sludge because sludge is recycled from a clarifier or separator to the reactor. Siace the material leaving the reactor is a gas—Hquid—soHd mixture, a vacuum degasifier is required to separate the gas and avoid floating sludge ia the clarifier. 

Flotation. Flotation (qv) is used to remove suspended soHds from wastes and for the separation and concentration of sludges (52,53). The waste flow is pressurized in the presence of sufficient air to approach saturation. When the pressurized air—Hquid mixture is released to atmospheric pressure in the flotation unit, minute air bubbles are formed. As they rise in the Hquor the sludge floes and suspended soHds are floated to the surface where the air—soHd mixture can be skimmed off. 

Several units are used for sulfite-paper-mill waste-liquor disposal. At least six units are used for oil-refinery wastes, whicdi sometimes include a mixture of liquid sludges, emulsions, and caustic waste... 

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