Sludge water

Figure 12. Air emissions from sludge water generated from scrubbing blast furnace off-gases.

Hickey, R.F., Vanderwilen, J., and Switzenbaum, M.S., The effects of organic toxicants on methane production and hydrogen gas levels during the anaerobic digestion of the waste activated sludge, Water Res., 21, 1417-1427, 1987. 

Ivashechkin P, Corvini PFX, Dohmann M (2004) Behaviour of endocrine disrupting chemicals during the treatment of municipal sewage sludge. Water Sci Technol 50 133-140... 

FauserP, Vikelspe J, Sorensen PB, Carlsen L (2003) Phthalates, nonylphenols and LAS in an alternately operated wastewater treatment plant - fate modeling based on measured concentrations in wastewater and sludge. Water Res 37 1288-1295... 

Cheng HF, Chen SY, Lin JG (2000) Biodegradation of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in sewage sludge. Water Sci Technol 41 1-6... 

Qiao L, Ho G (1997) The effects of clay amendment on composting of digested sludge. Water Res 31 1056-1064... 

Zaoyan Y, Ke S, Guangliang S et al (1992) Anaerobic-aerobic treatment of a dye wastewater by combination of RBC with activated sludge. Water Sci Technol 26 2093-2096... 

Field JA, Brady J (2003) Riboflavin as a redox mediator accelerating the reduction of the azo dye Mordant Yellow 10 by anaerobic granular sludge. Water Sci Technol 48 187-193... 

Lahann, R.W. 1976. Molybdenum hazard in land disposal of sewage sludge. Water Air Soil Pollut. 6 3-8. 

Previous literature on formation of various types of copper acetylides is discussed and the mechanism of their formation is examined, with experimental detail. Whenever a copper or copper-rich alloy is likely to come into contact with atmospheres containing [1] ammonia, water vapour and acetylene, or [2] lime-sludge, water vapour and acetylene, or a combination of these two, there is the probability of acetylide formation and danger of explosion. The action is aided by the presence... 

He, R, Gu, G., Shao, E., Zhang, Y. 2000. Research on low temperature thermo-chemical conversion to oil process from sewage sludge. Water Sci Tech 42 301-308. 

PhC properties most investigated by scientists to date are their water solubility (s, mg/mL), volatility (correlated to the Henry constant H) (pg m atr/pg m wastewater), biodegradability (correlated to pseudo-first-order degradation constant bioi L gSS d ), acid dissociation constant K, distribution and sorption (through the sludge-water distribution coefficient K, expressed in L gSS or the octanol-water partition coefficient Kg ). The main focus has been to find any correlations between these parameters and to determine PhC removal rates during the different treatment steps. Thus, different properties have been quantified for many compounds, and software, such as EPl Suite 4.00 [54], consenting their estimation, is available. 

Sorption of pharmaceuticals onto the surface of particulate matter or their distribution between two phases (water and either sludge, sediment or soil) depends on many factors, the most important being liquid phase pH and redox potential, the stereochemical structure and chemical nature of both the pharmaceutical compound and the sorbent, the lipophilicity of the sorbed molecules (excellent sorption at log Kov > 4, low sorption at log < 2.4), the sludge-water distribution coefficient Kd Kd > 2 L g SS good sorption, < 0.3 L g SS low sorption), the extent of neutral and ioiuc species present in the wastewater and the characteristics of the suspended particles. Moreover, the presence of humic and fulvic substances may alter the surface properties of the sludge, as well as the number of sites available for sorption and reactions, thereby enhancing or suppressing sorption of PhCs [38, 55, 61]. 

Wang, L.K. Recycling and reuse of filter backwash water containing alum sludge. Water Sewage... 

Sekiguchi, Y. Kamagata, Y. Ohashi, A. Harada, H. Molecular and conventional analyses of microbial diversity in mesophilic and thermophilic upflow anaerobic sludge blanket granular sludges. Water Sci. Technol. 2002, 45, 19-25. 

Ito, A. Takachi, T. Aizawa, J. Umita, T. Chemical and biological removal of arsenic from sewage sludge. Water Sci. Technol. 2001, 44, 59-64. 

Govind R, Flaherty PA, Dobbs RA. 1991. Fate and effects of semivolatile organic pollutants during anaerobic digestion of sludge. Water Res 25 547-556. 

Malaney GW, McKinney RE. 1966. Oxidative abilities of benzene-acclimated activated sludge. Water Sewage Works 113 302-309. 

Masunaga S, Urishigawa Y, Yonezawa Y. 1986. Biodegradation pathway of o- cresol by heterogeneous culture. Phenol activated sludge. Water Res 20 477- 484. 

Many materials may be classified as nonhazardous materials such as residue, scale, sludge, water, and metal parts. These materials may be shipped as nonhazardous materials. 

Ettala, M., Koskela, J. Kiestila, A. (1992). Removal of chlorophenols in a municipal treatment plant using activated sludge. Water Research, 26, 797-804. 

Sauerbeck, D. R. (1991). Plant, element and soil properties governing uptake and availability of heavy metals derived from sewage sludge. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 57-58, 227-37. 

Pressure filters have recently become the most widely used dewatering devices in the industry, due to improvements in the process. Polypropylene filter material is typically used. Pressures of 80 to 225 psi are employed used to force the sludge water through the filters, leaving a filter cake containing 25 to 35% solids. 

Shanableh, A. and Gloyna, E.F., Supercritical water oxidation-wastewaters and sludges, Water Sci. Technol., 23, 389-398, 1991. 

F. Braam, A. Klapwijk, Effects of copper on nitrification in activated sludge, Water Res. 15 (1981) 1093-1098. 

F. Bux, B. Atkinson, H.C. Kasan, Zinc biosorption by waste activated and digested sludge, Water Sci. Technol. 32 (1999) 127-130. 

M.J. Brown, J.N. Lester, Role of bacterial extracellular polymers in metal uptake in pure bacterial culture and activated sludge, Water Res. 16 (1982) 1549-1560. 

B.R. Fristoe, PO. Nelson, Equilibrium chemical modelling of heavy metals in activated sludge, Water Res. 17 (1983) 771-778. 

Senesi, N., Sposito, G., Bradford, G. R., and Holtzclaw K. M. (1991a). Residual metal reactivity of humic acids extracted from soil amended with sewage-sludge. Water Air Soil Pollut. 55(3 1), 409—425. 

Kahru, A., Kurvet, M. and Ktilm, I. (1996) Toxicity of phenolic wastewater to luminescent bacteria Photobacterium phosphoreum and activated sludges, Water Science and Technology 33(6), 139-146. 

UK Department of the Environment, Standing Committee. Analytical Methods. Examination of Waters and Associated Materials. Chlorobenzenes Water, Organochlorine Pesticides, PCBs, Turbid Waters, Halogenated Solvents, Related Compounds, Sewage, Sludge Waters. 1985. 44 PP- (1986). 

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