Skylab

Observations for cured epoxy resins and resins derived from 1,2-polybutadlene crosslinked with t-butylstyrene are reported. These resins find applications in aerospace industry, including high performance, Kevlar 49, filament wound, pressure vessels on Skylab and the Space Shuttle. 

Fuel cells have also been used for Skylab, a space station launched on May 14, 1973, and in orbit for more than six years, as well as in the space shuttles. Other uses for these reliable devices include providing electricity at remote facilities that are beyond the reach of power lines, and as back-up generators at hospitals, which cannot afford to lose power for any length of time. 

Reference 93 is about short-term space flights in Shuttle and Skylab. 

So far we discussed the case for 4He escape. 3He escape must at least be as effective as 4He the 4He lifetime against Jeans escape can be shown to be 70 times greater than the 3He lifetime. In the case of 4He, an inflow flux into the atmosphere is essentially the radiogenic 4He from the solid Earth. However, a flux from the interplanetary space may become important in the case of 3He inventory. From He implantation experiment on metal foil collectors in the Skylab, a spacecraft operated in a circular orbit at the altitude of 443 km from 1973 to 1974, Lind, Geiss, and Stettler (1979) concluded that the solar wind 3He precipitating from the magnetosphere to the upper atmosphere is comparable to 3He degassing flux from the solid Earth. 

The abundance of neon was calculated from an Ne/Mg abundance ratio of 3.16 0.07 derived from emerging magnetic flux regions observed in Skylab spectroheliograms. This value is thought to be representative of the Ne/Mg abundance... 

Skylab Aspergillus, Aureobasidium, Cladosporium, Mikroascus, Penicillium, Periconia... 

High Altitude Turbojet Engine Aircraft ° Nerva ° Apollo ° Skylab ° Viking... 

Taylor GR, Graves RM, Brock-Ett RM, Ferguson JK, Mieszkuc BJ. Skylab environmental and crew microbiology studies. 1977 NASASP-377. 

In 1973 astronauts first spent long missions in space on Skylab. This space station enabled experimentation and long stays in space. In 1981 Columbia, the first reusable spacecraft, was launched. 

D. D. Peterman and E. V. Benton, High LET particle radiation inside Skylab command module. Health Physics 29 (1975) 125. 

Space stations are structures designed to allow hiunans to live in space. There are two basic types monohthic and modular. Monolithic space stations are one-piece structures. They are launched into space as single units. The U.S. Skylab was a monolithic space station. Modular space stations are launched into space as separate sections and then assembled in outer space. The International Space Station (Figure 12-24) is a modular unit. 

The United States first space station, Skylab, was constructed from the third stage of a Saturn V rocket. 

Diffusion is a phenomenon in which a species migrates from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration. The driving force for motion is the concentration gradient. The Skylab danonstration experiments by Fascimire document the diffusion of tea in water under reduced-gravity conditions. The lowest achievable concentration is 0 mol m , by law. Pick s first and second laws of diffusion can be written as... 

S. M. Wiederhorn and D. E. Roberts, Fracture Mechanics Study of Skylab Windows, NBS Report 10 892, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, 1972. 

A vane type PMD was also used for the vented tank resupply experiment (VTRE) onboard the Shuttle mission STS-77 (Chato and Martin, 2006). Twelve outer and twelve inner vanes were mounted inside a small-scale see-through tank to conduct outflow tests using Refrigerant-113. A vane type PMD was also planned to be used in the Skylab mission (Tegart, 1979). 

Another class of search for experiments is the measurement of heavy element abundances in the cosmic radiation by exposure to particle track detectors— nuclear emulsions or plastic sheets—in balloon flights at high altitudes with analysis of the recorded tracks for atomic number and abundance. A survey [33] of all data obtained until 1970 showed one single event beyond Z 100. With the data collected in the Skylab space station, the limit became more stringent no superheavy nucleus in spite of the 204 recorded tracks with atomic number 74—87 [77]. A similar hmit was deduced [78] after exposure in a satelhte. In a study of cosmic-ray induced tracks in olivine crystals enclosed in iron-stone meteorites, which were exposed in space over millions of years, unusually long tracks were found and attributed to superheavy elements [79, 80]. However, this conclusion could not be maintained [81, 82] after calibration experiments of track dimensions with energetic beams delivered by accelerators. 

Shirk, E.K., Price, P.B. Charge and energy spectra of cosmic rays with Z > 60 the skylab experiment. Astrophys. J. 220, 719-733 (1978)... 

---